Chapter 22 The Progressive Era (1870s)

Read Page 639 (muckrakers) Read Page 639 (muckrakers)

Progressive Movement A movement made-up of many parts, all linked by a desire to make America a better place A movement made-up of many parts, all linked by a desire to make America a better place

Three Major Themes of The Movement Anti-monopoly – ideal of forcing the barons of industry to share the power and the wealth, mergers had become common place creating larger more powerful corporations Anti-monopoly – ideal of forcing the barons of industry to share the power and the wealth, mergers had become common place creating larger more powerful corporations Social Cohesion – the welfare of each individual is linked to the welfare of the nation (early signs of civil rights movements for women and minorities) Social Cohesion – the welfare of each individual is linked to the welfare of the nation (early signs of civil rights movements for women and minorities) Social Order – would be a direct result of intelligent organization (most progressives believed that government should be in charge of organizing) Social Order – would be a direct result of intelligent organization (most progressives believed that government should be in charge of organizing)

Terms of the Movement Muckrakers – media who exposed the corruption of business and government Muckrakers – media who exposed the corruption of business and government Social Gospel – making protestant the centerpiece of the movement (examples: Salvation Army then, AA now) Social Gospel – making protestant the centerpiece of the movement (examples: Salvation Army then, AA now) Temperance Movement – anti-alcohol, anti-divorce, anti-prostitution, anti- immigration (usually financed by Political Bosses and Industry Barons) Temperance Movement – anti-alcohol, anti-divorce, anti-prostitution, anti- immigration (usually financed by Political Bosses and Industry Barons)

Immigration and Organized Labor The immigrant laborers were a target, they needed to be advised, educated, and Americanized The immigrant laborers were a target, they needed to be advised, educated, and Americanized Social Workers like Jane Addams (pg. 572 Chapter 19, read) worked to convert the immigrant population Social Workers like Jane Addams (pg. 572 Chapter 19, read) worked to convert the immigrant population Labor Unions became tools of the Progressive Movement by pushing for higher wages, better working conditions, and expected behavior in the workplace Labor Unions became tools of the Progressive Movement by pushing for higher wages, better working conditions, and expected behavior in the workplace

Response to Immigration Efforts to stop or limit immigration Efforts to stop or limit immigration Limit by nation (Eugenics the idea that Northern Europeans were superior was a popular belief of the day) Limit by nation (Eugenics the idea that Northern Europeans were superior was a popular belief of the day) Increase efforts at Americanization Increase efforts at Americanization

Education Reform Governments increased spending on higher education for Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, and Businessmen who began to create an Upper Middle Class Governments increased spending on higher education for Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, and Businessmen who began to create an Upper Middle Class Some women were even beginning to be allowed to receive more education as to better prepare them for motherhood Some women were even beginning to be allowed to receive more education as to better prepare them for motherhood

Successful and Unfortunate Reforms Secret Ballots Secret Ballots City Manager form of Government City Manager form of Government Nonpartisan local elections Nonpartisan local elections Initiative and Referendum Initiative and Referendum Utility / Railroad Regulation Utility / Railroad Regulation 18 th Amendment Prohibition th Amendment Prohibition 1919 Muckraking led to a decline in voter turnout Muckraking led to a decline in voter turnout

Socialist Ideas Much of the world was flirting with the ideas of socialism at this time Much of the world was flirting with the ideas of socialism at this time Farmers, labor unions, and immigrants tended to be pro socialism Farmers, labor unions, and immigrants tended to be pro socialism The desire for Socialist Style governments, and economies would lead to combining with socialist and free enterprise parts into our Mixed Bag Economy The desire for Socialist Style governments, and economies would lead to combining with socialist and free enterprise parts into our Mixed Bag Economy

Arts and Entertainment Pastimes were created to pacify and enlighten the masses Pastimes were created to pacify and enlighten the masses Baseball, movies, recorded music, live stage performances (vaudeville) became part of the American culture as a way to entertain and enlighten Baseball, movies, recorded music, live stage performances (vaudeville) became part of the American culture as a way to entertain and enlighten