Double Helix Molecular Structure Helix unwound purine pyrimidine DNA Structure Unit II animationanimation

RNA STRUCTURE The sugar is Ribose Still has 4 nitrogen bases No Thymine, Uracil instead Still has a phosphate group Single strand

DNA REPLICATION is complementary Two original and two new complementary strand One original and One new complementary strand WrongCorrect

DNA REPLICATION It is done with enzymes! 1. Helicase (enzyme) unwinds the DNA –There are now 2 open strands that can be copied –2. RNA Primase (polymerase) bring a short, segment of complementary nucleotides to the new strand 3. Then DNA Polymerase (enzyme) brings DNA nucleotides together to complete a new DNA strand. 4. RNA short segment is removed and replaced with DNA 5. DNA Ligase (Enzyme) glues the strands of DNA to make one continuous strand.

Game DNA ReplicationReplication Click here for Super challenge gameSuper

DNA IS MADE UP OF 2 RINGSONE RING THERE ARE 2 THERE ARE 3

Making a protein short version DNA, which is our genes, directs our cells to make proteins DNA has to be “open”, so that RNA can “read” the gene to make the correct protein. DNA unwinds to be read by RNA. The RNA nitrogen bases complement the DNA nitrogen bases. The RNA bases are units of 3 which is a code for a specific amino acid. –This above step is called Transcription The amino acids then bond to make a protein. –This is called Translation

TRIPLET CODE animation animation LET’S LOOK AT THE TRIPLET CODE DIAGRAM IN YOUR PACKET

AMINO ACID CODES (codons)

1 st STEP IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION animation TRANSCRIPTION DNA UNWINDS USING RNA Polymerase __________ BRINGS NITROGEN BASES THAT ARE COMPLEMENTARY TO DNA IT BRINGS SETS OF 3 Nitrogen Bases WHICH ARE CALLED _______animationanimation WHEN THE LENGTH OF MRNA IS COMPLETE THE MRNA UNATTACHES FROM THE DNA

tRNA STRUCTURE Carries Amino Acid at the Head Anticodon is at the base to match to the mRNA codon

Ribosome with tRNA & mRNA

1. The completed mRNA will go to a ribosome in the cytoplasm 2. The codons of mRNA will be read by tRNA 3. tRNA will bring 1. a complementary amino acid (LEU/MET etc.) and 2. an anticodon that complements to the mRNA codon to start building a polypeptide (protein) THE 2nd STEP IN MAKING A PROTEIN TRANSLATION animation TRANSLATION ANTICODON A C C A A A C C G A G U

Step 2 TRANSLATION There are 3 STOP CODONS, they are UAA, UGA, UAG 4. When the tRNA reads them it will stop bringing amino acids 5. When the Protein is complete it can fold up or join with another protein. 6. it will go outside the cell to where it is needed in the body Animation Protein SynthesisProtein Build a protein GameGame

Let’s label the steps!