1 Computer Software Unit C

2 Objectives Introduce Computer Software Explain How Computers Interpret Software Explore Operating Systems Compare Operating Systems Define Document Production Software Define Spreadsheet Software

3 Objectives Define Database Management Software Define Graphics Software Define Business and Science Software Define Entertainment and Education Software Understand Licenses and Copyrights

4 System Software OperatingSystemsDeviceDriversUtilitiesProgrammingLanguages DOS Windows Linux UNIX Mac OS

5 Application Software DocumentProduction SpreadsheetSoftware Accounting & Finance Statistical Entertainment DataManagementMusic Video Educational

6 How Computers Interpret Software Computer languages –Source code –High-level languages: C++, Java Machine language Compiler –Creates object code in single batch Interpreter –Converts one instruction at a time –Common with web-based scripts (part of web page)

7 Operating Systems Interacts with application software, device drivers & hardware to manage computers resources Multitasking GUI (graphical user interface) Utilities Bootstrap program is stored in ROM

8 Operating System Categories Single user: PCs and handhelds Multi-user: mainframes or centralized computer processing Network/Server: serves as router to local computer processing Desktop: desktop or notebook PC; single-user, but could handle networking

9 Operating Systems Microsoft Windows –Most PCs Mac OS UNIX –dependable in multi-user environment Linux –free; good for web servers DOS Palm OS and Windows Mobil OS –For handhelds

10 Using the Windows Operating System Most programs use a graphical user interface (GUI). The most common operating systems for PCs today is Microsoft Windows. Other GUI operating systems are Mac OS and Linux.

11 The Windows Interface Common Windows elements include: Desktop—the user’s basic workspace. –Taskbar—includes the Start button, toolbars, and task buttons. –Windows—rectangular areas inside which programs, documents, and other content is displayed. –Menus—used to issue commands.

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13 Opening Windows and Starting Programs Click a desktop icon if it looks like a hyperlink. Click the Start button and then select the desired program from the Start menu. In any window that displays documents stored on the PC, double-click a document to open it.

14 Manipulating Windows Active window—the window in which commands will currently be executed. Minimizing, maximizing, and closing windows—use buttons at top right corner of window. Moving windows—drag window title bar. Scroll bars—used to see more information not currently shown in the window.

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16 Shutting Down the Computer Standby mode reduces power consumption and wear-and-tear on the PC. To turn off the PC, it should always be shut down through the Start menu. Save and close all open documents and programs. –Select the Shut Down option at the bottom of the Start menu.

17 Using the Internet and World Wide Web The Internet is a collection of networks connecting millions of computers all over the world. The World Wide Web is the collection of Web pages accessed through the Internet. Computers that host Web pages are called Web servers. A collection of related Web pages is called a Web site.

18 What Is a Browser? A Web browser is a program used to view Web pages. Common browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator Firefox Opera Wireless phones and other small devices use microbrowsers.

19 Internet Addresses An Internet address identifies a resource available through the Internet, such as a person, computer, or Web page. IP address (e.g ) and domain names (e.g. microsoft.com) identify computers on the Internet. URL (e.g. identify a Web page on the Internet. address (e.g. identify a person on the Internet.

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21 Using Bookmarks and the History List Visited Web pages are recorded in the browser’s history list. To save Web page URLs on a more permanent basis, use bookmarks or favorites.

22 Searching the Web A search site typically uses a search engine with a huge database of information. Keyword search: keywords are typed into a search box and then hyperlinks for matching Web pages are displayed. Category search: a series of specific categories are selected until links for matching Web pages are displayed.

23 and Other Types of Online Communications Electronic mail ( ) refers to electronic messages exchanged between computers over a network and can be sent to anyone with an Internet address. programs, such as Microsoft Outlook, are used to send and receive . Web-based , such as Yahoo! and Hotmail, can be accessed with just a Web browser.

24 Sending and Receiving can be sent and received over private networks or the Internet. To send an , supply the recipient’s address, type a subject line and the message, and click the Send button. Many programs also enable users to attach files and maintain an address book.

25 Managing Sent and received messages are stored in separate folders, and deleted messages are moved to Trash or Deleted Items folder. Delete unneeded messages periodically and then empty the Trash folder to free up space.

26 Discussion Groups, Chat, Instant Messaging, and More Chat room—participants chat in real time. Instant messaging—private form of chat between friends and business associates. Videoconferencing—face-to-face meetings via the Internet. Internet telephony—phone calls via the Internet.

27 Societal Implications of Cyberspace SecurityPrivacy The anonymity factor Information integrity

28 Document Production Elements Formatting Page Layout Headers/FootersClipartTables Frames Spell check Word wrap Margins Styles Word processing (Word)

29 Spreadsheet Software Use for numerical calculations and graphs Rows and columns Worksheet, cell, cell references Cells can contain –Values –Labels –Functions –Formulas

30 Data Management Software Use to store, find, organize, update and report information Database: collection of related files Records and fields

31 Data Management Software Using database software you can: –Import and export data –Query records in a particular field SQL (Structured Query Language)SQL (Structured Query Language) Natural query languageNatural query language –Print reports Always use information appropriately –Data integrity –Privacy –Copyright

32 Graphics Software Use to create, display, modify, manipulate and print graphics Paint software: realistic art and photos Photo Editing software: simplifies common editing tasks Drawing software: uses vector figures & shapes to create “cartoon-like” images.

33 Graphics Software 3-D Graphics software: create wireframes and then cover with a texture CAD (computer-aided design): 3-D software designed for architects and engineers Presentation software: creates electronic slides like these

34 Business Software Accounting & Finance –Personal finance –Small business accounting Vertical Market –Hospitals, schools Horizontal Market –Generic like payroll –Project management

35 Science Software Statistical, graphing software Mathematical modeling software –Math CAD

36 Software Suites A collection of application software sold in a package –Microsoft Office Available for productivity, Cost and usability

37 Entertainment Software Audio editing (sound recorder) Games MP3 player Video editing (Adobe Premiere) Music Ear training Ear training Notation Notation Computer-aided music Computer-aided music MIDI sequencing MIDI sequencing

38 Educational Software Learn and practice new skills –Arithmetic –Reading –Languages –Typing Reference software (CD-ROMs)

39 License vs. Copyright Software License: a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use a computer program. Copyright: a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work an exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell and modify that work. Software piracy

40 Types of Copyright Protections Commercial: License adheres to limitations of copyright law Shareware: try before you buy on the honor system Freeware: no fee - can use, but not alter or sell Open Source: uncompiled source code that can be changed - sold or free Public Domain: can be copied, altered and resold

41 Tech Talk: Installing Software System requirements –Operating system and minimum hardware capacities Steps (setup.exe) –Copy files to hard drive –Uncompress if necessary –Verify system requirements met –Select appropriate device drivers –Necessary system files –Update registry and program menu Uninstall: Windows Add/Remove programs

42 Computer Software End