PHYSICS 11 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 LECTURE: 8:00 – 10:00 AM MONDAY TO FRIDAY LABORATORY: 2:00 -5:00 TTH Introduction Instructor: MARLON FLORES SACEDON Doctor of Philosophy In Physics (Candidate) Master of Physics BS Civil Engineering

INTRODUCTION What is Physics? “the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them” Why study Physics? “because everything we see are subject matter belongs to physics”

INTRODUCTION Nature of Physics  Physics is an experimental science.  Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns and principles that relate these phenomena.  These patterns are called physical theories or, when they are very well established and of broad use, physical laws or principles  The development of physical theory requires creativity at every stage  The physicist has to learn to ask appropriate questions, design experiments, try to answer the questions, and draw appropriate conclusions from the results.

INTRODUCTION Five Greatest Theory in Physics Thermodynamics Electromagnetism Relativity Classical Mechanics Quantum Mechanics Mechanics PHYSICS 1.CLASSICAL MECHANICS (sometimes called Newtonian mechanics or classical mechanics): the theory of the motion of material objects. 2.CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS the theory of heat, temperature, and the behavior of large arrays of particles. 3.ELECTROMAGNETISM: the theory of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic radiation. 4.RELATIVITY: the theory of in variance in nature and the theory of high-speed motion. 5.QUANTUM MECHANICS: the theory of the mechanical behavior of the submicroscopic world

INTRODUCTION Uses of Physics There is physics in cooking food, in ironing clothes, in writing letters or in looking at mirrors. There is physics in running automobiles, calluses and trains. There is physics in the flight of airplanes and jet planes. Physics is present in the construction of roads, bridges, and buildings. Laws and principles of physics are used in practically every machine and everything we do. Physics plays an important role in transportation, communications, amusements, sports, industry and the home.

INTRODUCTION Measurements In dealing with physical quantities, the question "HOW LARGE?" or "HOW MUCH?" is usually asked and this leads to the process of MEASUREMENT

INTRODUCTION Fundamental units Quantity and Symbol Name of Unit and Symbol Definition of Base Unit of International System of units Length (L)Meter (m)The meter is the length equal to wavelength in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the levels 2p 10 and 5d 3 of krypton – 86 atom. Mass (m)Kilogram (kg)The kilogram is the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. The International prototype of the kilogram is a particular cylinder of platinum dridium alloy, which is preserved in a fault at Seyres, France, by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Time (t)Second (sec)The second is the duration of periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the round state of caesium-133 atom. Electric current (I)Ampere (A)The ampere is that constant current, which if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors, a force equal to 2 x newton per meter length.

INTRODUCTION Fundamental units Quantity and Symbol Name of Unit and Symbol Definition of Base Unit of International System of units thermodynamic temperature (T) Kelvin (K)The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/ of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. Luminous intensity (I v )Candela (Cd)The candela is the luminous intensity, in the perpendicular direction, of a surface of 1/600 square metre of a black body at the temperature of freezing platinum under a pressure is pascal. Amount of substanceMole (Mol)The mole is the amount of substance in a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in kg of carbon 12.

INTRODUCTION Measurements Metric System: British/ English System In dealing with physical quantities, the question "HOW LARGE?" or "HOW MUCH?" is usually asked and this leads to the process of MEASUREMENT System of Measurements CGS: centimeter-gram-second MKS: meter-kilogram-second (SI units of International standard) FPS: foot-found-second

Metric conversion units PrefixSymbolDecimal NumberPower of Ten yotta zetta Exa Peta Tera Giga Mega Kilo Hecto Deka BASE UNIT Deci Centi Milli Micro Nano Pico Femto Atto zepto yocto Y Z E P T G M k h da d c m n p F a z y ,000,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000 1,

Metric conversion units PrefixSymbolDecimal NumberPower of Ten yotta zetta Exa Peta Tera Giga Mega Kilo Hecto Deka BASE UNIT Deci Centi Milli Micro Nano Pico Femto Atto zepto yocto Y Z E P T G M k h da d c m n p F a z y ,000,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000 1, Example: 9,823 cm  km

Seat Works 1. 1,723 mg  kg MW  KW x 10 5  f  f mg  kg

Metric and British/English system conversion units Length 1 inch = m = 2.54 cm 1 foot = m = cm 1 yard = m 1 mile = 5,280 ft = km 1 nautical mile = 6,080 ft Mass 1 lb = kg = 454 g 1 metric ton = 1,000 kg. 1 slug = kg Force 1 pound force = N 1 dyne = N 1 poundal = N Other useful equivalent 1 m = 3.28 ft 12 in = 1 ft 3 ft = 1 yd 1 mi = km 5280 ft = 1 mi 1 acre = ft 2 1 lb = 16 oz 1 ha = 40 4 m 2 1 ton = 2000 lb 1 lb = 1000 cc 1 kg = 2.2 lb

Seat Works in  ft tons  lb 3.30 mi/hr  ft/s lb/ft 3  g/cm 3

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