Organic Analysis

Organization of Matter ATOMELEMENTCOMPOUND

Organization of Matter Atom –Smallest unit of matter –Composed of nucleus with protons and neutrons –Has electrons circling nucleus

Organization of Matter Element (ex. He) –About 110 different elements –Listed in Periodic Table –Substance composed of atoms –Elements vary in type of atom ie. Atomic mass ie. Atomic number

Organization of Matter Compound (ex. CO 2 ) –2 or more elements combined in fixed proportions

States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas SolidLiquid Gas Sublimation

Organic vs. Inorganic Qualitative vs. Quantitative

Chromatography Separates and tentatively IDs components of a mixture (ex. Street drugs that are diluted) Stationary Phase (solid or liquid) –Different substances have different affinities Mobile Phase which acts as solvent

Types of Chromatography Gas Chromatography (GC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

Gas Chromatography Mobile Phase is a carrier gas Stationary Phase is a liquid coated onto a column Inject gaseous mixture Components having greater gas affinity will travel faster than those that like the liquid in the column

Gas Chromatography Pyrolysis= –Convert solids ex. Paint chips, fibers, plastics to a gas by heating to o C

Gas Chromatography Different components leave column at different times (retention time) A detector device converts substance to an electrical signal (Chromatogram). Signal peak proportional to amount of substance Sensitive to nanogram level

HPLC Liquid Moving Phase Solid stationary phase Done at room temp (Great for samples that are temp. sensitive)

SolventPump solvent at 1900 psi Inject Sample Column packed with beads Kids weave through crowds quickly large people slowed Electric Eye Shines light through sample Computer Records: Time Absorbance

HPLC

TLC Solid stationary phase –Silica plated glass plate Liquid mobile phase Apply liquid mixture to plate and put into solvent chamber. Solvent migrates up via capillary action

TLC Component with greatest solvent solubility migrates the fastest Run with known substances along side Develop to visualize separation Can’t definitively I.D. substances, not specific enough

TLC R f Value= Distance traveled by component Distance traveled by solvent Cheap, sensitive, fast

Electrophoresis Separation Technique No Mobile Phase Use electricity to move components Mixture loaded into an agar gel stationary phase Components separated based on charge and size

Electrophoresis

Enlargement of gel

Electrophoresis 10 min30 min60 min

Electrophoresis Can compare proteins and DNA fragments in crimes

Electrophoresis

Spectrophotometry =Technique to measure how much a substance absorbs light or other radiation

Spectrophotometry What is light?

Spectrophotometry Light is a form of energy in wave form. Also can be viewed as traveling as bundles of energy called photons

Spectrophotometry Who is this man?

Spectrophotometry

Part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Spectrophotometry Light Absorbance and Reflection” What color is being absorbed? What color is being reflected?

Spectrophotometer Concept

Types of Spectrophotometry Ultraviolet (So specific, it’s like a “fingerprint”) Infrared

Absorption Spectrum for Chlorophyll

Mass Spectrometry Ie. Blast electrons at unknown to make your unknown an ion Ions travel down the path based on their mass to charge ratio (m/z).

MS Results Methanol

Spectrophotometry Video m/watch?v=xHQM4B bR040&feature=result s_video&playnext=1& list=PL967C03F http:// m/watch?v=xHQM4B bR040&feature=result s_video&playnext=1& list=PL967C03F

Mass Spectrometry m/watch?v=J- wao0O0_qMhttp:// m/watch?v=J- wao0O0_qM

Thin Layer Chromatography m/watch?v=yoYECM P_1iI&feature=relatedhttp:// m/watch?v=yoYECM P_1iI&feature=related

Gas Chromatography m/watch?v=08YWhLT jlfo&feature=relmfuhttp:// m/watch?v=08YWhLT jlfo&feature=relmfu

Electrophoresis m/watch?v=5eMsgidA Y5Ehttp:// m/watch?v=5eMsgidA Y5E