COMMON RADIOLOGICAL CASES IN ULTRASOUND AND X-RAY COURTESY OF JAMU IMAGING CENTRE LIMITED.

PRESENTERS SENIOR RADIOGRAPHERS JOHN WALTER JUMA AND BILLY LIVINGSTONE SWAKA

UTERINE MYOMETRIAL FIBROIDS WHAT IS A FIBROID? Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths of the uterus. They develop from the smooth muscular tissue of the uterus (myometrium).

DIAGNOSIS The main examination done to diagnose myometrial fibroids is a pelvic ultrasound. There are two modes of doing a pelvic ultrasound; trans abdominal scan and transvaginal scan.

FIBROIDS

PEDUNCULATED FIBROID CONNECTED BY A STALK

OVARIAN CYSTS Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets within or on the surface of an ovary. Types of ovarian cysts include:- -Dermoid cyst. -Hemorrhagic cyst. -Endometriomas.

OVARIAN CYST RIGHT OVARIAN CYST

DERMOID CYST They are ovarian cysts that contain soft tissue parts and cystic parts within. They are rarely cancerous.

DERMOID CYST

HEMORRHAGIC CYST Also called a ruptured ovarian cyst result from hemorrhage into a corpus luteum or other functional cyst. They are common cause of acute pelvic pain and can occur during pregnancy.

HEMORRHAGIC CYST

CONT’D

ENDOMETRIOMAS These cysts develop as a result of endometriosis, a condition in which uterine endometrial cells grow outside your uterus.

ENDOMETRIOMA

CONT’D ENDOMETRIOMA

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY Is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterine cavity. Can be done by trans-abdominal and transvaginal u/s. Symptoms include: -  Severe lower abdominal pains  Vaginal bleeding

LIVE ECTOPIC OUTSIDE UTERUS

ECTOPIC WITH RING OF FIRE ON DOPPLER STUDIES.

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME This is a is a chronic anovulation syndrome in which the ovary becomes larger in size with more than follicles. The follicles are often distributed at the periphery. Transvaginal ultrasound is the standard modality used for diagnosis. Symptoms include; infertility, menorrhagia, amenorrhea.

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

CONT’D

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE This is a broad term that encompasses a spectrum of infections and inflammation of the upper female genital tract. Ultrasound often only demonstrates ascitic fluid in the pouch of Douglas. Symptoms include; painful urination, vaginal discharge (often yellow in color), lower abdominal pain.

PID

LIVER ABSCESS These are localized collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacterial, parasitic or fungal agents.

LIVER ABSCESS

HYDROCELE IN SCROTAL U/S It is free fluid collection in scrotal sac surrounding the testes.

HYDROCELE

EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS Orchitis is an acute infection of the testicle usually following epididymitis. Epididymitis is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in postpubertal males.

EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS

THYROID NODULES Thyroid nodule refers to an abnormal growth of thyroid cells that forms a lump within the thyroid gland. Although the vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign (noncancerous), a small proportion of thyroid nodules are cancerous.

THYROID NODULES

GALLBLADDER CALCULI These are stones or calculi within the gallbladder. Most commonly presents with right upper quadrant pain.

CHOLELITHIASIS

X- RAY CASES HSG MCU BARIUM ENEMA BARIUM SWALLOW CXR

HSG Is an x-ray examination used to diagnose fallopian tubes whether blocked or patent.

NORMAL TUBES. R

BILATERAL HYDROSALPINX.

MCU Is an x-ray examination used to asses the urinary bladder and urethra. Can help to rule out urethral strictures, bladder diverticula pouches.

URETHRAL STRICTURES.

NORMAL MCU

BARIUM ENEMA Special examination used to assess the large colon.

NORMAL BARIUM ENEMA

MULTIPLE DIVERTICULA POUCHES.

BARIUM SWALLOW An x-ray examination of the oesophagus using contrast agent(barium sulphate).

PROXIMAL DILATATION WITH NARROWING

NORMAL SWALLOW

CXR An x-ray examination of the chest cavity to asses the lungs, ribs, heart, aorta e.t.c.

NORMAL CXR

RIGHT UPPER LOBE HETEROGENOUS OPACIFICATION WITH CAVITATION