Climate change and Housing for the 21 st Century Stephen Palmer Place : architecture

Climate Change In 2007, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reported that global warming is "unequivocal" and very likely (> 90%) to be caused by human activities.

increase in temperature of 2.5°C by 2100 increase in temperature of 2.5°C by 2100 sea-levels will rise by 49 cm over the next 100 years sea-levels will rise by 49 cm over the next 100 years What if we do nothing?

UK / EU Policy DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD) all buildings to be nZEB by 2020 Climate Change Act 2008 (CCA) 80% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050

UK Zero Carbon Policy ‘All new homes from 2016 to mitigate all on-site carbon emissions as a result of regulated energy use’: (and BREEAM / Code for Sustainable Homes) Scrapped! Where to now? What standards and definitions to adopt?

Zero Carbon Standard

Regulation Building Regulations 2013 Approved Document L1A & B SAP 2009: CO 2 target - TER Fabric energy efficiency - TFEE Heating & lighting Control of overheating Thermal bridging Air testing – High efficiency systems (eg district heating, heat pumps)

ZCH options

nZEB nearly Zero Energy Buildings – how near to zero? Definitions?: Primary energy / green house gas emissions? Energy demand v. renewable energy? Passive house principles New / refit standards?

Passivhaus? Ready for nZEB 2020 Ready for nZEB 2020 Health & wellbeing Health & wellbeing Improved comfort and ventilation Improved comfort and ventilation Improved methodology PHPP Improved methodology PHPP Controls the performance gap (design, build, test) Controls the performance gap (design, build, test) Reduce fuel poverty Reduce fuel poverty

Passivhaus principles Minimal fabric heat losses. Minimal fabric heat losses. Passive heat sources; sun, occupants, appliances and heat from extract air. Passive heat sources; sun, occupants, appliances and heat from extract air. Remaining space heating provided only via supply air. Remaining space heating provided only via supply air.

Passivhaus criteria

Low energy design & planning Terraces and apartments Terraces and apartments Compact, multi storey Compact, multi storey Orientation & glazing Orientation & glazing Sustainable drainage Sustainable drainage Renewable / community energy systems Renewable / community energy systems

Integrated, sustainable communities Integrated, sustainable communities New typologies for changing needs New typologies for changing needs Lifetime homes and neighbourhoods Lifetime homes and neighbourhoods Streets and places for people Streets and places for people Lords select committee on built environment Lords select committee on built environment Adapt / improve existing homes Adapt / improve existing homes City Centre / High Street regeneration? City Centre / High Street regeneration? Housing an ageing population

Energiesprong Energiesprong Enerphit Enerphit EuroPHit EuroPHit Low energy Re-fit 80% of 2050 housing already built

Making existing homes and neighbourhoods work Making existing homes and neighbourhoods work Creating integrated communities Creating integrated communities Type specific solutions: Heritage assets Heritage assets Medium/high rise Medium/high rise Town house Town house Suburban Suburban City centre City centre

Case Studies??

Technology and innovation

A sustainable future for all