Unit title: Principles of light: artificial light; Daylight factor. Photovoltaics and Biomass Principals Presentation title:Could domestic photovoltaics provide the electricity needed to meet household demand and power a family car in the uk? Unit number: B1 Unit date: January 14 th 2009 Presentation date:March 8 th 2009 Student name: Craig Embleton Student number: Seminar group: 1 (Melissa Taylor)

Could domestic photovoltaics provide the electricity needed to meet household demand and power a family car in the UK?

Contents Introduction Description of case study Solar panels Electric cars Electricity generated and consumed Summary Conclusions Issues Questions

Introduction Source: DUKES, 2008 & DfT, 2008 What are the problems? Peak oil & climate change. Domestic electricity in the UK responsible for 9.57% of the nation’s CO 2 emissions. Personal transportation responsible for 12.4% of the nation’s CO 2 emissions.

Case Study House

Location and dimensions *Source: Google Earth

Monthly solar radiation received on the south-facing roof Source: RETscreen using data supplied by NASA

Electricity consumption Source: Electricity statements from Good Energy

Annual mileage driven Source: Ministry of Transport test certificates

SunPower 230Wp photovoltaic module Source: SunPower, 2008

Source: Pininfarina, 2009 Electric car - Pininfarina Bº (Zero)

Electricity consumption and module sizing Area for 4 kWp installation = 22 m 2 Total panel area required = 17.2 m 2

Source: Calculated using RETscreen algorithms Electricity generated & consumed by case study house (kWHs/month)

Summary Net exporter to the grid from March to September. Meets all the car’s requirements. Generates 852 kWHs of electricity more than required annually. A 4 kWp installation covering 22m 2 of case study house’s roof would mean the house:

Conclusion Yes. Easily for the case study house, by selling to and buying back from the national grid to compensate for fluctuations. Could domestic photovoltaics provide the electricity needed to meet household demand and power a family car in the UK?

Issues – Areas for improvement? Data taken from commercially supplied datasheets. Real world independent trials necessary. Costs of electricity. Embodied energy. Degradation of efficiency of photovoltaics. Transmission losses.

Sources: Boyle, G 2004, National Travel Survey, 2007 & DUKES, 2008 Issues – What about the rest of the UK? Many UK houses could support a 4 kWp photovoltaic array and over half are orientated in a southerly direction. However: The mean UK household consumes more than twice the electricity than the case study, and drives over a quarter more miles.

Questions?

Bibliography Boyle, G. (2004). Solar Photovoltaics. In: Boyle, G Renewable Energy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform (BERR). (2008). Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics Available: Last accessed 7 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued Department for Transport. (2008). National Travel Survey: Available: /223955/ /NTS2007.pdf. Last accessed 11 February Department for Transport. (2008). Transport Statistics Great Britain (TSGB), Section 3 - Energy and Environment. Available: blications/tsgb/2008edition/section3energyenvir onment.pdf. Last accessed 6 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued NASA. (2009). NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy: Locate RETScreen Data. Available: bin/sse/ion- nrcan.gc.ca. Last accessed 15 February Pininfarina. (2008). B0 the Electric Car. Available: o%20elettrica/BO%20pininfarina.pdf. Last accessed 16 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued Pininfarina. (2008). Pininfarina B0 image gallery. Available: o%20elettrica/pagina%20download/Tqa.jpgLast accessed 16 February RETScreen International. (2009). RETScreen Clean Energy Project Analysis Software Download page. Available: Last accessed 1 February 2009.

Bibliography Continued SunPower. (2008). Datasheet: 230 Solar Panel. Available: Services/~/media/Downloads/for_products_serv ices/spwr_230wh_res_en_lt_w_ra.ashx. Last accessed 11 February 2009.