David P. Anderson Space Sciences Laboratory University of California – Berkeley A Million Years of Computing.

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Presentation transcript:

David P. Anderson Space Sciences Laboratory University of California – Berkeley A Million Years of Computing

What is scientific computing?

High-energy physics

Molecular biology DNAprotein

Climate change study

Artificial life

Weapons of mass destruction

Measuring computing power ● FLOPS: floating-point operations per second – e.g = – 1 GigaFLOPS = 1 billion (10 9 ) FLOPS – 1 TeraFLOPS = 1 trillion (10 12 ) FLOPS – 1 PetaFLOPS = 1 quadrillion (10 15 ) FLOPS ● Storage (memory, disk) – 1 byte = 8 bits (e.g ) – Megabytes, Gigabytes etc.

Computing paradigms mainframe s supercomputer s personal computers cluster computing Grid computing Volunteer computing

1938Zuse Z10.9 FLOPS 1946ENIAC50 KFLOPS 1958UNIVAC LARC500 KFLOPS 1975Burroughs ILLIAC IV150 MFLOPS 1976Cray-1250 MFLOPS 1983Cray X-MP/4941 MFLOPS 1985Cray-2/83.9 GFLOPS 1993Thinking Machines65.5 GFLOPS 1996Hitachi SR GFLOPS 2000IBM ASCI White7.2 TFLOPS 2002NEC Earth Simulator35TFLOPS 2006IBM Blue Gene/L280 TFLOPS Supercomputer history

PCs versus Supercomputers ● PCs trail supercomputers by about 20 years ● 100,000 PCs == 1 supercomputer ● There are ~ 1 billion PCs on the Internet ● Consumer products (PCs, game consoles) are getting faster faster ● PC owner buys PC, maintains it, buys electricity ● But: PCs are unreliable and untrusted

Volunteer computing Projectstartwhereareapeak #hosts GIMPS1994math10,000 distributed.net1995cryptography100,000 I1999UCBSETI600,000 United Devices2002commercialbiomedicine200,000 CPDN2003Oxfordclimate change150,000 WCG2004commercialbiomedicine200,000 II2005UCBSETI850,000 Washbiology100,000 SIMAP2005T.U. Munichbioinformatics10,000

Performance of BOINC projects ● 680,000 participants in 245 countries ● 1,000,000 computers ● 400 TeraFLOPS (more than BlueGene!) ● 12 Petabytes of free disk space ● 2.7 million years of computer time ● But the potential is much larger!

SETI physics Climat e biomedical Joe Alice Jens volunteer s projects Volunteers “attach” computer to projects trust distrust

Some BOINC-based projects Climateprediction.ne t (Oxford University) e (CERN)

(U.C. Berkeley) (Univ. of Washington)

How to participate ● Install and run BOINC client software – – Available for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux ● Enter the URL of a project – e.g.: ● Enter your address and password ● Done!

Credit

Community features ● Message boards – Science, technical, social ● User profiles ● Teams ● Translations ● Web sites – (statistics, teams)

Account managers GridRepublic

Conclusion ● Scientific computing – Will always need more computing power ● Volunteer computing – The computing paradigm of the future ● BOINC – Middleware for volunteer computing ● Goals – projects – 10 million volunteers – Give the public a voice in science research policy