1. List 10 things that are living. 2. After you have made your list, tell three to five things they have in common.

All living things share some basic properties. 1. Made of Cells 1. Made of Cells 2. Reproduce 2. Reproduce 3. Obtain and Use Energy (Metabolism) 3. Obtain and Use Energy (Metabolism) 4. Homeostasis 4. Homeostasis 5. Based on Genetic Code (Heredity) 5. Based on Genetic Code (Heredity) 6. Respond to Environment 6. Respond to Environment 7. Grow and Develop 7. Grow and Develop 8. Evolve or Change Over Time 8. Evolve or Change Over Time

1. Made of Cells Smallest unit capable of all life functions –Cells are the basic unit of life –They have all of the characteristics of life

Unicellular Organisms: Entire organism is made up of one single cellEntire organism is made up of one single cell Examples: Bacteria and protistsExamples: Bacteria and protists

Multicellular Organisms The organism is made up of many cells Cells have specialized functions within the organism Examples: Plants, Animals, Fungi

2. Reproduce Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same typeReproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type

Asexual Reproduction A single parent organism reproducing by itself

Sexual Reproduction Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Involves the combination of male and female sex cells Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

3. Obtain and Use Energy Living organisms need energy for metabolic processes, to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduceLiving organisms need energy for metabolic processes, to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

3. Obtain and Use Energy AUTOTROPH Produces its own food

3. Obtain and Use Energy HETEROTROP H must consume food (other organisms)

3. Obtain and Use Energy DECOMPOSER or SAPROBE Breaks down dead material for food Absorbs nutrients

Anabolism The process of building up complex substances from simpler substances Building up cells and cellular components Photosynthesis

Catabolism The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energy Digestion Cellular Respiration

Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in an organism Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism

4. Maintain Homeostasis A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for lifeA stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life

4. Maintain Homeostasis Body temperature Body temperature sweating, panting, shivering Blood volume Blood volume pH balance pH balance Water balance Water balance

5. Based on Genetic Code Genes carry hereditary information Genes are composed of DNA Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents

5. Based on Genetic Code Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

6. Respond to Environment Organisms react to stimuli: Light, Temperature, Odor, Sound Gravity, Heat, Water, Pressure

6. Respond to Environment An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light or upward in response to gravityAn example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light or upward in response to gravity

MA Moca “Tree Logic” (North Adams MA)

In Tree Logic, the familiar, almost iconic shape of the tree in nature is the result of gravitropic and phototropic responses: the tree grows away from the earth and towards the sun. When inverted, the six trees in this experiment still grow away from earth and towards the sun - so the natural predisposition of trees might well produce the most unnatural shapes over time.

7. Grow and Develop Grow: Get bigger or increase in size Develop: Change in physical form, shape or structure

7. Grow and Develop Life Span Birth to Death. How long an organism lives Life Cycle Stages of development during the life of an organism.

8. Evolve or Change Over Time Individuals may experience many changes in their life span but their basic traits are the same. As a group a species will change over time and the general traits will be different.

Adapt to long-range changes in environment Change to better survive in environment These changes take place over a long period of time & involve the entire species 8. Evolve or Change Over Time

Adaptation: A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment. Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

8. Evolve or Change Over Time A Species may obtain adaptations through evolution over long periods of time

Virus vs Cell Viruses, Viroids & Prions Seem like like living things, acellular particles are not alive. 1. Are not made of cells 2. Cannot reproduce on their own 3. Do not grow or undergo division 4. Do not transform energy 5. Lack machinery for protein synthesis 6. Are so small that they can only be seen with an electron microscope

Take the Quick Quiz Hand in your notes and Quiz for a grade. Homework: Vocabulary List 1.Respiration7. Synthesis 2.Aerobic8. Homeostasis 3. Anaerobic9. Organic 4.Cells 10. Inorganic 5.Metabolism11. Autotroph 6. Assimilation12. Heterotroph