(i) Compare the location of the area with annual rainfall of 1250 mm or more to the area with less than 600 mm annual rainfall. [2] (ii) From the map, name a place that may suffer from a shortage of water. Give a reason for your choice. [2] (iii) Suggest and explain TWO ways in which a water shortage could be reduced. [4]

Avery Hill 2005

June 2009 Avery Hill Excellent map extract Use the mark scheme if necessary for questions. Questions focus on processes and landforms along the River Severn

Rivers and flooding

Avery Hill 2003

(a) Which two of these settlements have the greatest risk from flooding? Birmingham; Kingston-upon-Hull; Luton; Manchester; Peterborough [2] (b) Describe the distribution of areas most at risk from flooding shown on the map. [2] (c) Give two reasons why some areas have a higher flood risk than others. [6] (d) Explain two specific measures that could be taken to control flooding. [6]

State the peak flow of the river. [2] (b) Lagtime is the time between peak rainfall and peak discharge. What was the lagtime in Fig. 6? [2] (c) How might the activities of people decrease lagtime of rivers? [6]

June 2006 OCR C Explain two ways that future human activity within the river basin might change the discharge curve of this hydrograph. [6] Levels: L1 Explains one change in simple terms (1-3) L2 Two changes, one developed (4-5) L3 Develops explanations for two changes (6) Indicative Content: There are numerous possibilities, such as: Afforestation = reduced runoff = smaller peak/shallower rising limb Dam/reservoir = increased depression storage = flatter curve/lower volume Arable farming = reduced infiltration through compaction of soils = steeper rising limb/higher peak/steeper falling limb Tarmac/concrete = less infiltration/greater overland flow = steeper rising limb/higher peak/steeper falling limb Irrigation or water extraction = less channel flow/storage = only minor change

Avery Hill 2002

Avery Hill 2003

June 2002 – Avery Hill

Coasts

Question C6 (a) (i) What do you understand by the terms erosion and deposition? [2] (ii) Study Photograph 6 in the Resource Booklet and the separate Ordnance Survey (OS) map. The photograph shows coastal landforms in grid square In which direction was the camera pointing? [1] (iii) Three landforms are marked A, B and C on the photograph. State whether these landforms were created by erosion or deposition. Justify your choice. [3] (b) Study Photograph 7 in the separate Resource Booklet. It shows a landform in the north of the separate OS Map. (i) Draw an outline map of the landform and label the following on it: Mud and saltmarsh Hurst Beach Sand and shingle [3] (ii) Give one example of map evidence and one example of photograph evidence that show people have used or use this landform. [2] 2003 resource required Avery Hill

(c) Study the Ordnance Survey Map. (i) Many tourists visit the area to enjoy the coastal landforms. Give one piece of map evidence that shows there is tourist activity here. [1] (ii) Choose one coastal landform from the map. Name the landform and state which grid square it is in. Suggest how it may have been formed. (Draw diagrams if you wish). [4] (d) Look at the OS map again. groynes are located in grid square (i) Suggest why groynes have been built on this part of the coast. [2] (ii) Suggest TWO other ways in which people can manage coasts. Explain how each way works. (Refer to places you have studied in your answer if you wish.) [4]

June 2007

June 2010