Creative Commons IPNM2007 Kaido Kikkas

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Presentation transcript:

Creative Commons IPNM2007 Kaido Kikkas This document uses the GNU Free Documentation License (v1.2 or newer).

Birth of free content Earlier: mostly software Early examples: RFC Project Gutenberg fanfiction.net At the end of the XX century – the new media boom: e-learning, telework, network media, social software et Growing need for new regulations

GNU FDL GPL can be used for other content, but the main problem is – what is the “source”? 1999 – GNU Free Documentation License mostly for technical documentation The largest user is Wikipedia Problems: lawyer language too extensive prevents DRM etc (well before GPL 3!)

More efforts 1999 - Open Publication License by David Wiley's Open Content Project did not break through The Free Art License the source problem like in GPL

CC 2001 – created by Lawrence Lessig 2002 – first set of licenses Middle-of-the-road: “some rights reserved” Author's overrule principle Initially somewhat US-centric (copyright!) Too “non-free” for FSF Does not mix with GPL and FDL

Main points Human language Simple web-based choice 3 documents: Commons Deed (human language) Full legal text (lawyer language) RDF/XML metadata for machine reading

Choice in four questions Allow commercial uses of the work? (Y/N) Allow modifications of the work? (Yes; Yes, as long as others share alike; No) Jurisdiction of your license (localised or unported) Format of the work (Audio; Video; Image; Text; Interactive; Other)

Main licenses Attribution (BY) Attribution-ShareAlike (BY-SA) Attribution-NonCommercial (BY-NC) Attribution-NoDerivs (BY-ND) Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (BY- NC-SA) Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (BY- NC-ND)

Sampling Sampling - partial usage is allowed in all purposes but advertisement, while the entire object will remain under full copyright Sampling Plus - the former plus allows the non-commercial use of the entire object (like BY-NC-SA) NonCommercial Sampling Plus - both partial and full use is only allowed noncommercially (in essence the BY-NC-SA complemented with a sampling clause)

Others Public Domain CC GNU GPL CC GNU LGPL

Sensible copyright Founders' Copyright – the original 14+14 DevNations: the dual license for the poor (UN DevNations) – CC BY for the rich – full copyright

Problems (typical whine - “how can you earn?”) Copyright vs droit d'auteur Legal compatibility (esp. with GPL) Localisation

Final words Perhaps the most used “middle approach” Has greatly helped to popularise free culture Acceptable to many people suspicious towards GPL and others The current US focus and localisation need to be addressed