CORE CURRICULUM CRAFT SKILLS MS. JAC LYN OWENBY

MODULE 1 OBJECTIVES Describe the importance of safety, the causes of workplace incidents and the process of hazard recognition. Describe the safe work requirements for elevated work. Identify and explain how to avoid struck-by objects. Identify and describe the proper use of personal protection equipment. Identify and describe other specific job-site safety hazards.

TRADE TERMS Accident - an unplanned event that results in personal injury and/or property damage. Combustible and Flammable - capable of easily igniting and rapidly burning. Used to describe a fuel with a flash point of 100 degrees F. Competent Person – person who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions. Confined Space – a work area large enough for a person to work, but arranged in such a way that employees must physically enter the space to work in. Ground Fault – incidental grounding of a conducting electrical wire.

TRADE TERMS Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Standard – standard that requires contractors to educate employees about hazardous chemicals on the job and how to work with them safely. Hydraulic – powered by fluid under pressure. Incident – an unplanned event that does not result in personal injury but may result in property damage or is worthy of recording. Management System – the organization of a company's management, including reporting procedures, supervisory responsibility, and administration. Occupational Safety and Health Administration - (OSHA) an agency of the US Department of Labor (OSHA Act of 1970) law that applies to more than 111 million workers and 7 million job sites in the USA.

TRADE TERMS Personal Protective Equipment - (PPE) equipment or clothing designed to prevent or reduce injuries. Pneumatic – powered by air pressure. Respirator – device that provides clean air for breathing. Safety Culture - culture created when whole company see the value of a safe work place. Safety Data Sheet - (SDS aka MSDS) document that must accompany any hazardous substance. It identifies the substance and gives exposure limits. Trench - a narrow excavation made below the ground surface that is generally deeper than wider, with a minimum width of 15 ft.

SAFETY AND HAZARD RECOGNITION What is Safety? Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm or other non-desirable outcomes. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk. The condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk, or injury. A device designed to prevent accidents, as a lock on a firearm preventing accidental firing.

TO ENSURE YOUR SAFETY ON THE JOB 1. Follow safe work practices and procedures. 2. Inspect ALL safety equipment before EACH use. 3. Use safety equipment properly. 4. Take advantage of the wide variety of training sessions.

COMPANIES WITH A STRONG SAFETY CULTURE HAVE Fewer at risk behaviors 2. Lower incident and accident rates 3. Less turnovers 4. Lower absenteeism 5. Higher productivity

COMPANIES WITH A STRONG SAFETY CULTURES INCLUDE... Embracing safety as a core value. Strong leadership Establishing and enforcing high standards of performance. Commitment and involvement of ALL employees. Effective communication and commonly understood and agreed upon goals. Using the workplace as a learning environment. Encouraging employees to have a questioning attitude and empowering them to stop work when faced with a potential hazard. Continually monitor performance. Positive reinforcement when proper safety practices are demonstrated.

INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS Incidents and accidents can happen anywhere. Both at-risk behavior and poor working conditions can cause these undesirable events. According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Incident- is an unplanned event that may or may not result in property damage. However is worthy of documentation. Accident- is an unplanned event that results in personal injury and/or property damage. Property damage alone could be considered an incident or accident. Personal injury or a fatality is always an accident.

COSTS Accidents ad incidents cost billion of dollars each year and much needless suffering. The National Safety Council estimate that organized safety movements has saved more than 4.2 million lives Accidents that result injury or death can have lasting effects not only on the victim but also on their families, co-workers, and employees. An injured person who is disabled will have huge medical bills and some loss of income. If the injured person was at fault, insurance can deny to pay for medical expenses. Many workers are affected by this because contracts are awarded largely in part to a company's safety record.

INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT CAUSES 1. Failure to communicate. 2. At-risk work habits. 3. Alcohol and drug abuse. 4. Lack of skill. 5. Intentional acts. 6. Unsafe acts. 7. Rationalizing risks. 8. Unsafe conditions. 9.Housekeeping.

FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE Don't assume the way procedures and jobs are done at one job, they are done the same at all jobs. Ask questions and find out all procedures before starting. Remember that different people and different companies do things differently.

TYPES OF SIGNS Informational Safety Caution Danger Temporary Warning

SIGN AND TAG MEANINGS Informational signs provide general information. These signs are generally blue. Safety signs give instructions and suggestions. The background is white with a green panel and white letters. Caution signs warn about potential hazards. They are usually yellow with a black panel and yellow letters. Danger signs warn of immediate hazards. They are red, black and white. Safety tags are temporary warnings.

AT-RISK WORK HABITS Procrastination. Carelessness, and horseplay are main at- risk work habits. Work habits and work attitudes are closely related; if you resist taking orders then you may also resist listening to warnings. Your safety and the safety of others is important so companies prohibit horseplay. Pulling a practical joke on a co-worker may seem like harmless fun but could cause serious injury or fatality.

ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE Alcohol and drug abuse costs the construction industry millions of dollars a year in incidents, accidents, lost time, and lost productivity. Just as impaired driving kills thousands on highways, so does alcohol and drug abuse on construction sites. It creates a risk for injury for everyone on the site. Would you trust your life to someone under the influence? Avoid any substance that can affect your job performance. This is not meaning only illegal drugs but prescription drugs as well.

LACK OF SKILL Every worker needs to learn and practice new skills under careful supervision. Never perform new tasks alone until you have been cleared by a supervisor. Never use a circular saw without a guard. Never use power tools without proper training. What skills do you think you would need to know in construction?

INTENTIONAL ACTS Intentional is when someone purposely causes property or bodily injury. Angry or dissatisfied employees may purposely create a situation that leads to an incident or accident. If someone makes a threat, report it immediately to a supervisor. The most important thing you can do is pay attention.

UNSAFE ACTS Failing to use required personal protective equipment (PPE) Failing to warn co-workers of hazards. Lifting improperly. Loading or placing equipment or supplies improperly. Making safety devices or guards inoperable. Operating equipment without authority. Servicing equipment while in motion. Using defective equipment improperly.

UNSAFE CONDITIONS Congestive workplace. Defective tools, equipment, or supplies. Excessive noise. Fire and explosive hazards. Hazardous atmospheric conditions. Poor lighting. Poor ventilation. Radiation exposure. Unguarded moving parts.

POOR HOUSEKEEPING Housekeeping means to keep your work area clean and free of clutter, scraps or spills. Arrange tools to permit safe and efficient work practices. Good housekeeping rules: Remove all scrap material and lumber with protruding nails. Clean up all spills. Make sure to have enough containers for collections of flammables or harmful chemicals. Store all tools and equipment properly when finished. Keep all aisles and walkways clear of materials and tools.

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FAILURE Sometimes the cause of failure is the management system. Implementing a good management system will do the following: Put safety policy and procedures in writing. Distribute written policy and procedures to all employees. Review safety policy and procedures periodically. Enforce all safety policies and procedures fairly and consistently. Evaluate all supplies, equipment and services to see weather they are safe. Provide regular periodic safety training for employees...

HAZARD RECOGNITION, EVALUATION AND CONTROL What do we mean by hazard recognition, evaluation, and control? When a hazard is identified and addressed quickly reducing the hazard potential. Simply put, the more aware you are of your surroundings and the dangers in them, the less likely you are to be involved in an incident or accident. HAZCOM – Hazard Communication Standard- standard that affect every worker in every industry. Also known as the Right- to –Know requirements. All chemicals must be labeled and classified with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals.

HAZARD RECOGNITION How can this situation or equipment cause harm? What types of energy sources are present that can cause an accident? What is the magnitude of energy? What could go wrong to release the energy? How can the energy be eliminated or controlled? Will I be exposed to hazardous materials? Workers get electrucuted.

EQUIPMENT HAZARDS When equipment is the cause, there is usually an uncontrolled energy release. The different types of energy sources that can be released are: Mechanical - a system that manages the power of forces and movements to accomplish a task Pneumatic - makes use of gas or pressurized air. Hydraulic - the mechanical properties of liquids or fluids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid version of pneumatics. Electrical - set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge.

EQUIPMENT HAZARDS The different types of energy sources that can be released are: cont. Chemical - substance can either be a pure chemical element or a pure chemical compound. But, there are exceptions to this definition; a pure substance can also be defined as a form of matter that has both definite composition and distinct properties. Thermal (heat or cold) - a column of rising air in the lower altitudes of Earth's atmosphere.e Radioactive - material that spontaneously emits such radiation.

EQUIPMENT HAZARDS Gravitational -a natural phenomenon by which all things with energy are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another. Stored energy - Energy storage, stored energy in any form, including chemical, gravitational and electrical energy Energy storage Potential energy, energy stored in a system of forcefully interacting physical entities Potential energy

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

SAFETY DATA SHEET

REVIEW QUESTIONS Who is primarily responsible for your safety? What is the color used for informational signs? Where must the SDS for any chemical at a job be available? What is OSHA ? What are risk hazards and how can you identify them?