Week 4 Summary Pest Control, Hazards and Risk, Water Pollution/Prevention, Waste

Pests and Pest Control The Need for Pest Control Chemical Treatment: Promises and Problems Alternative Pest Control Methods Socioeconomic Issues in Pesticide Use Pesticides and Policy □

Pest Control Purposes Protect our food Protect our health Convenience □

Different Philosophies of Pest Control ChemicalChemical technology: –Use of chemicals to kill large numbers of the pest –Short-term protection –Environmental and health consequences □

Different Philosophies of Pest Control EcologicalEcological pest management: –Control based on pest life cycle and ecology organism chemical –Control agent may be an organism or chemical (cntd. on next slide) □

Different Philosophies of Pest Control –Specific to pest and / or manipulate a part of the ecosystem –Emphasizes protection from pest Integrated pest managementIntegrated pest management: IPM “using all suitable methods – chemical and ecological – in a way that brings about long-term management of pest populations and minimal environmental impact.” □

Aerial Spraying of Pesticides

Problems Stemming from Chemical Pesticide Use resistanceDevelopment of resistance by pests secondary pest outbreaksResurgences and secondary pest outbreaks Adverse environmental and human health effects □

Three Concerns 1.Pesticides 1.Pesticides evaluated for intended use and impacts on human health and the environment. pesticides 2.Protection and proper training of those who work with pesticides. pesticide residues 3.Public protection from risks of pesticide residues on food products. □

Pesticides and Policy FIFRA:FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act: Concerns 1 and 2 FFDCAFFDCA: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Concern 3 FQPAFQPA: Food Quality Protection Act: Concern 3 □

Environmental Hazards and Human Health Links between the Environment and Human Health Pathways of Risk Risk Assessment □

Deaths from Various Cultural Hazards in the United States in 2005

Pathways of Risk The risks of being poor The cultural risk of tobacco use Risk and infectious diseases Toxic risk pathways Disaster risk □

Risk Assessment Environmental risk assessment by the EPA Public-health risk assessment Risk management Risk perception □

Water Pollution and Its Prevention Perspectives on Water Pollution Wastewater Treatment and Management Eutrophication Public Policy and Water Pollution □

Water Pollution: Point and Nonpoint Sources

Water Pollution Types Pathogens Organic wastes Chemical Sediments Nutrients □

Wastewater Management and Treatment Development of wastewater collection and treatment systems The pollutants in raw wastewater Removing the pollutants from sewage Treatment of sludge Alternative treatment systems □

Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery Solid Waste: Landfills and Combustion Better Solutions: Source Reduction and Recycling Public Policy and Waste Management □

Factors Contributing to Increasing Amounts of MSW

Factors Contributing to Increasing Amounts of MSW Increasing populations Changing lifestyles Disposable materials * Excessive packaging * * = two largest contributors to waste volume □

Landfills Siting: Public Reactions LULU (locally unwanted land use) NIMBY (not in my backyard) NIMTOO (not in my term of office)

Solutions to the Solid-Waste Problem Source reduction The recycling solution Municipal recycling Regional recycling options □

MSW Recycling in the United States

The Regulatory Perspective Solid waste disposal act 1965 Resource recovery act 1970 and1976 Resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) of 1976 Superfund act 1980 Hazardous and solid waste amendments 1984 □

Coming up in Week 5 After your have completed Test #2, we will continue our Environmental Science journey by completing our study of Pollution and Prevention. Objectives/Learning Outcomes: At the end of this week, you will: Understand Pollution and Prevention - Part B – Climate – Atmosphere – Chemicals Activities and Assignments: Test #2 - Due by Tuesday evening Week 5 Reading Week 5 PowerPoints Week 5 Discussion Board Continue Working on Project