Resistive Plate Chambers for CMS and INO Visit to CMS (June /July, 2005) RPC’s in CMS context O P E R A & I N O RPC Assembly Quality checks Budget Manpower 16th September Meeting L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

CMS L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

calorimetres L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005 Overall weight : 12,500 t Overall diameter : 15 m Overall length : 22 m Magnetic field : 4 Tesla calorimetres ECAL PbWo4 scintillating crystals HCAL Plastic scintillator & Cu sandwich iron yoke PSD Si detector Tracker Micro Strip Gas Chambers, MSGC Si microstrips Pixels Magnet Muon Barrel Drift tubes, DT Resistive Plate Chambers, RPC Muon End Cap Cathode strip Chambers, CSC Resistive Plate Chambers, RPC L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Resistive Plate Chambers Bakelite ~ 1011 – 1012 cm (melamine phenolic ion resin) fast discharge; higher rate capability (~1 kHz / cm2) Glass ~ easily available slow discharge; suitable for low rates (~10 Hz / cm2) Graphite ~ 100-150 k / □ Time resolution ~ 100 ps to a few ns  trigger detector Double and Multi gaps  improve timing and efficiency L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Oscillation Project with Emulsion tRacking Apparatus O P E R A Oscillation Project with Emulsion tRacking Apparatus Massive Pb Emulsion target for a long baseline neutrino oscillation search Total Target = 1.8 kT (m2 of 10-3 eV2) Magnetic Field = 1.5 Tesla Bakelite RPC (1512, 3.3 m2, 4600 m2) Gas mix : Ar(48%)+C2H2F4(48%)+i-butane(4%) L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

India–based Neutrino Observatory    Cosmic neutrinos were discovered in KGF (India) in 1965 To study atmospheric neutrinos. Establish neutrino oscillations (  ). Reduce uncertainity in m2 ICAL = 50kT (~ Rs. 205 Cr.), 140 layers Magnetic Field = 1 - 1.3 Tesla Glass RPC (27000, 4m2, 107520 m2) Bakelite ? URL : http://www.imsc.res.in/~ino L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

REi/n i=1,2,3,4 & n=1,2,3 REi/1 Not sure if the RPC’s can handle the count rates for   1.6 REi/2 REi/3 L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Entry point for India : 2 × 72 = 144 + spares = 160 Barrel End Cap End Cap -R4 -R3 -R2 -R1 +R1 +R2 +R3 +R4 RPC’s are done required in 2008-09 China : 2 × 72 = 144 + spares =160 Pakistan : 2 × 2 × 72 = 288 + spares = 300 Entry point for India : 2 × 72 = 144 + spares = 160 L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Double gap  3 gaps in two layers  Top gap(s) Read out Cu strips Bottom gap L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Process Flow for RE1/2,1/3 6 6 6 6 6 Bakelite Purchase Italy Cut Clean Ship to Korea Gaps Built in Seoul QC Ship to CERN Shipped to CERN Mechanics Kit prep in China Procurement Cables and pieces FEBs, Adaptor / Distribution Boards 6 Procure from Italy Order from Pakistan Ship to CERN 6 Chamber Assembly ISR Lab @ CERN 6 Construction Database 6 QC 6 Production Database Storage Installation@SX5 Commissioning L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

The tale of bakelite L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Gap production in Korea Oiling procedure successfully transferred to Korea K O D E L Cut & cleaned bakelite sheets delivered Korea Mass production proceeding @ 40 sets / month Hot melt of PET film L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Geometrical dimensions of the chamber 15 metres B Ri Ro Ro A D Ri C Ro  small  Ri  large  Geometrical dimensions of the chamber Station Ri Ro A B C D Thickness Z Position rpc Z of cu-strips RE1/2 2750 4644 1901 999 676 1894 30 6953 & 7235 6968 & 7250 RE1/3 5065 6820 1762 1380 1073 1755 7098-7155 7083 & 7140 Weight (kg) 45 65 All dimensions in mm L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Geometrical dimensions of the gaps Station Gas gaps Ri Ro A B C D Thickness RE1/2 RE1/2(a) 2768 4626 1865 860 535 1858 6.0 RE1/2(b) 2780 4056 1281 760 537 1276 RE1/2(c) 4066 4614 550 858 762 548 RE1/3 RE1/3(a) 5083 6802 1726 1240 940 1719 RE1/3(b) 5098 6387 1294 1168 943 1289 RE1/3(c) 6397 6787 391 1238 1170 390 L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Geometrical dimensions of the active area of the gaps Station Gas gaps Ri Ro A B C D Active area (M2) RE1/2 RE1/2(a) 2795 4599 1811 805 489 1804 1.170 RE1/2(b) 2807 4031 1229 705 491 1224 0.733 RE1/2(c) 4091 4587 498 803 716 496 0.378 RE1/3 RE1/3(a) 5110 6775 1671 1186 894 1665 1.736 RE1/3(b) 5125 6362 1242 1113 897 1237 1.245 RE1/3(c) 6422 6760 339 1183 1124 338 0.392 L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Geometrical dimensions of the read-out Cu strips 1/2（b） 1/3(b) 1/2（c） 1/3(c) R I 2770 5085 3572 5635 4071 6402 R o 3567 5630 4066 6397 4624 6800 Height (D) 797.2 544.5 494.1 762.5 552.8 398 Large strip width (B) 17.5 28.7 20.2 32.9 23.2 35.1 Small strip width (C) 13.1 25.7 L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

R1/2 Drawings : Chamber, 3 gaps, active areas and read out Cu strips L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

R1/3 Drawings : Chamber, 3 gaps, active areas and read out Cu strips L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Gas system L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Button spacers inside a gap Gas leakage and spacer tests Button spacers inside a gap cut - opened 2 mm 10 mm L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

High Voltage tests L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Pre-assembly of various components 3 days / person L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Co-axial signal cable preparation L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Honey comb panel modification L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

40 pin flat cable preparation L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

FEB’s on the cooling system L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Cosmic tests and long term stability L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Strip response L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005 65 to 96

Over all assembly of RPC 4.5 days / person ~ 1 week / person One chamber L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Detector Investment as RPC’s for RE4 in CMS (in Rs.) 1. Detector components : a. Bakelite (10K) b. HC panel (13K) c. 3 Gaps (50K) d. Mechanics (50K)……………..….... 123K 2. Electronics : a. FEB’s (31K) b. Strip connectors (4K) c. VLSI (3K) d. HV connectors (3K)………......…… 41K 3. Services : a. HV & LV system (38K) b. Cooling system (7K) c. Gas system (21K) ……….......…….. 66K 4. Assembly & Installation : ……………………………...…………...... 14K 5. Monitoring : …………………………………………….............……….. 4K 6. Cables : ………………………………………………………….........… 24K 7. Off detector electronics : ………………………….………….....……. 3K One full assembled chamber on an average : ……………………………….. 275K  2.75 Lakhs 1.5 MCHF per end cap RE4 for CMS (144 chambers + spares = 160) : ……………..…..… 44000K  44.0 MRs. ~ Rs. 4.5 Crores Infrastructural Investment at home : ………………………………………………………….. ~ Rs. 1 Crore Total ~ Rs. 5.5 Crores L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Advantages for investment in RPC’s for CMS at CERN Test run for INO (Rs. 500 Crore project) (at CERN everything is stretched to its limit) Reduces the gestation period for INO Exposure to frontier detector physics and engineering Trained manpower to handle INO Spruning up the required industry at home Management skills for a large scale facility L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Alternatives Short term Phase 1a Procure the gaps from Korea and electronics from INFN Procure the rest of items from local market in India Pre-tests, assembly, final testing and delivery for QA Short term A team of 7 persons (2 physicists, 2 engineers & 3 technitians) can deliver 160 chambers over a time period of 12 months Phase 1b Fabricate the gaps and electronics (time schedule ?) Procure the rest of items from local market in India Pre-tests, assembly, final testing and delivery for QA Long term A team of (x+y+z) persons (x physicists, y engineers & z technitians) can deliver 160 chambers over a time period of 12 months L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

September Meeting at CERN (14th, 15th and 16th Sept., 2005) 14th and 15th September CMS-RPC Workshop for Completeness and Upgrades To Review Manufacturing Progress 16th September Discussions on new collaborations in RPC context for CMS L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005

Prof. Amitava Raichoudhury Acknowledgements Dr. V. C. Shani Dr. S. Kailas Dr. A. K. Mohanty Prof. N. K. Mondal B. S. Satyanarayana Dr. Archana Sharma Prof. Amitava Raichoudhury L.M.Pant India-CMS Meet, BARC 20 July 2005