IE 366 Chapter 2 (2.4 – 2.6) Work Physiology, Anthropometry

IE 366 Metabolism ● Definition – Transformation: chemical energy work ● Units of Measurement – kilocalorie (kcal) – 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 1 Cal = heat required to raise 1 liter H 2 O from 15 °C to 16 °C

IE 366 Alternative Units ● Common rate units: kcal/min ● Text rate units: W ● 1 W ≈ kcal/min ● 1 kcal/min ≈ 73 W ● Note: 1 W/kg x 70 kg x ≈ 1kcal/min text typical slides units male units

IE 366 Metabolism (1) carbohydrates fats proteins glucose fatty acids amino acids pyruvic acid acetic acid deaminated AAs glycolysis oxidation deamination digestion

IE 366 Metabolism (2) carbohydrates fats proteins glucose fatty acids amino acids pyruvic acid acetic acid deaminated AAs glycolysis oxidation deamination digestion CO 2 H2OH2O energy

IE 366 Metabolism (3) carbohydrates fats proteins glucose fatty acids amino acids pyruvic acid acetic acid deaminated AAs glycolysis oxidation deamination digestion CO 2 H2OH2O energy adenosine triphosphate adenosine diphosphate + PO 4 creatine + PO 4 creatine phosphate

IE 366 Metabolism - Components Total Metabolism = Basal Metabolism (life support) + Activity Metabolism (work, leisure)

IE 366 Basal Metabolism, Resting Metabolism ● Male ( 70 kg ) – 1700 kcal/day  kcal/min ● Female ( 60 kg ) – 1400 kcal/day  1.0 kcal/min ● Factors: – Sex – Size – Age ● Resting metabolism ~10% - 15% higher

IE 366 Metabolism ● Response to Exercise ● Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure ● Measurement

IE 366 Energy Cost of Work (Activity Standards)

IE 366 Grades of Physical Work (Activity Standards)

IE 366 Recommended Limits ● Energy Expenditure (kcal/min, average) 8-hour shift4-hour shift Male< 5.00< 6.25 Female< 3.35< 4.20 ● Heart Rate (beats/min, average) Arm work< 99 Leg work< 112

IE 366 Rest Requirements R = rest time T = total working time K = work metabolic rate S = standard metabolic rate

IE 366 Rest Requirements: Example 1 T = 60 min K = 6 kcal/min S = 4 kcal/min

IE 366 Rest Requirements: Example 2 T = 60 min K = 10 kcal/min S = 4 kcal/min

IE 366 Chapter 2 (2.8 – 2.9) Anthropometry

IE 366 Worker Stature (1)

IE 366 Worker Stature (2)

IE 366 Worker Stature (3)

IE 366 Worker Stature (4)

IE 366

Human Dimensions (1)

IE 366 Human Dimensions (2)

IE 366 Human Dimensions (3)

IE 366 Human Dimensions (4)

IE 366 Anthropometric Data

IE 366 Other Static Dimensions ● Chest Depth ● Head Length ● Interpupillary Distance ● Eye Height ● Hand Thickness ● Hand Length ● Foot Breadth

IE 366 Dynamic Dimensions: Types of Movement ● Flexion - Bending ● Extension - Extending, straightening ● Adduction - Movement toward midline ● Abduction - Movement away from midline ● Lateral rotation - Rotation outward ● Medial rotation - Rotation inward ● Pronation - Rotation downward ● Supination - Rotation upward

IE 366 Wrist/Hand Motions ● Flexion/extension

IE 366 Wrist/Hand Motions ● Radial deviation/ulnar deviation Toward the thumb Toward the little finger

IE 366 Wrist/Hand Motions ● Pronation/supination Palm downwardPalm upward

IE 366 Right Hand Grasping Reach Envelope (1)

IE 366 Right Hand Grasping Reach Envelope (2)

IE 366 Grasping Reach

IE 366 Other Dynamic Dimensions ● Prone length, height ● Squatting height ● Overhead reach ● Thumb-tip reach ● Standing forward reach ● Standing lateral reach

IE 366 Right Hand Static Force

IE 366 Hand Force

IE 366 Other Muscle Power Data ● Prone position data ● Thumb / finger ● Leg, foot ● etc

IE 366 Use of Anthropometric Data ● Determine relevant dimension / parameter ● Define user population ● Select range of users to be accommodated ● Extract data from appropriate source ● Apply correction factors ● Apply dimension to design

IE 366 Design for Clearance/Accommodation Design for the Large Person

IE 366 Design for Reach / Accessibility Design for the Small Person

IE 366 Design for Adjustability Design for Everyone

IE 366 Other Design Design for the Average Person

IE 366 Design Principles ● Design for the large person (clearance/accommodation) ● Design for the small person (reach/accessibility) ● Design for the average person ● Design for adjustability