OXYGEN NEEDS

O 2 is a gas that makes up 21% of the air we breath. It has no taste, colour, or odour. O 2 is the most important basic need required to live. A normal respiration rate for an adult is rpm

OXYGEN NEEDS KEY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Hypoxia - is a deficiency of oxygen in the cells. Tachypnea - rapid breathing Bradypnea - slow breathing Apnea - the lack or absence or breathing Hypoventialtion - resps are slow, shallow & irregular Hyperventilation - resps are rapid and deeper than normal Dyspnea - difficult, laboured or painful breathing Orthopnea - breathing deeply and comfortably only while sitting or standing Cheyne-Stokes – resps gradually increase in rate & depth, then become shallow & slow

OXYGEN NEEDS Respiratory system functions Cardiovascular system function RBC Count Nervous system function Aging Exercise Fever Pain Drugs Smoking Allergies Pollutant exposure Nutrition Alcohol FACTORS AFFECTING O 2 NEEDS

OXYGEN NEEDS PULSE OXIMETER A pulse oximeter is a device used to measure oxygen concentration in arterial blood. It also measures pulse rate. Oxygen concentration Oxygen concentration is the percentage of hemoglobin that contains oxygen. Normal range % A pulse oximeter is placed on the finger. Remove client’s nailpolish. SpO 2 When charting we use the abb. SpO 2 to record oxygen saturation.

OXYGEN NEEDS PULSE OXIMETER

OXYGEN NEEDS PROMOTING OXYGENATION Positioning Fowler’s Semi-Fowler Orthopnic position Deep breathing and coughing exercises Incentive Spirometry Pursed lip breathing ASSISTING WITH OXYGEN THERAPY Oxygen sources Wall outlets (flow meters) Oxygen tank Oxygen concentrator Liquid oxygen system

INCENTIVE SPIROMETER

OXYGEN NEEDS OXYGEN AND FIRE SAFETY Oxygen is flammable. Keep clients away heat sources OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION DEVICES Nasal canula (Nasal prongs) Simple face mask Partial re-breather Non re-breather Venturi mask OXYGEN FLOW RATES The amount of oxygen administered is called the flow rate. This is ordered by the physician. The flow rate is measured in L/min and can be anywhere from L.

OXYGEN NEEDS ARTIFICIAL AIRWAYS Used to keep the airway patent. Intubation is the process of inserting and artificial airway. Airways are usually plastic and come in different sizes. The following airways are common: Oropharyngeal Oropharyngeal - inserted through the mouth into the pharynx Nasopharyngeal Nasopharyngeal - inserted through a nostril into the pharynx Endotracheal Endotracheal - inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea Tracheostomy tube Tracheostomy tube - inserted through a surgical incision into the trachea

OXYGEN NEEDS TRACHEOSTOMIES tracheostomy A tracheostomy or trach is a surgically created opening through the neck and into the trachea. A tube is inserted through this opening and the person can then breath through the tube. Trachs can be temporary or permanent and are made of plastic or metal. They have 3 parts: 1. The obturator 2. The inner cannula 3. The outer cannula Some trachs have a cuff on the inside, this keeps the trach in place. You must make sure that nothing enters the stoma. Pay close attention to safety measures.

OXYGEN NEEDS SUCTION Suction Suction is the process of withdrawing secretions. Suctioning can be done via different routes. Oropharyngeal Nasopharyngeal Lower airway

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