BELL WORK: Draw/write the monomer of the following polymers 1. HALTOMHASHEARTHALTOMHASHEART Happy Thursday Bio-Ninjas!! Have your homework out for me to check: Annotated/Highlighted notes, Summary and Higher Level Questions

Continuing Notes from yesterday….

There are two types of reactions important to making monomers and polymers

1. Dehydration synthesis = polymers (bonds) are formed by removing water.

Dehydration synthesis Examples: cake batter (moisture) comes together to form a cake (dry) Leaving pan in oven too long, much “harder” to clean Glue left out…as water evaporates…. Plate of food left out over night…much harder to clean Grapes “dehyrdrated” become raisins Sun “dried” tomatoes POOP!!! All of these are common examples of dehydration synthesis. In the absence of water the remaining molecules are “forced to bond” with each other…polymerization

2. Hydrolysis = breaking down polymers into monomers by the addition of H 2 O. Hydro=water Lysis= to cut

Hydrolysis Examples: Eating “dry” bread….Drink “water”…bread breaks down faster Hard to clean dish? What’s the first thing you add? Tough Stain? Most cleaners first ingredient….water Spill water on a fresh painting…what happens? Hard packed, cracked soil becomes gloopy mud when it rains All of these are common examples of dehydration synthesis. In the absence of water the remaining molecules are “forced to bond” with each other…polymerization

4. Organic chemistry: the study of compounds that contain carbon atoms. Organic = contains carbon Inorganic = does NOT contain carbon

B. There are four types of organic compounds found in living things…

The Essential Biomolecules… 1. Carbohydrates- Sugars, Starch, Dietary Fiber 2. Lipids- Fats, Oils, Waxes 3. Proteins- Muscles, enzymes, tissues 4. Nucleic Acids- Genetic Material

Shoulder Partner Exercise… What is the Monomer that makes up the following Polymers…..

What is the monomer in the above polymer pictured?

Card sort inquiry

Biomolecules (Recap) What are the FAB FIVE Elements? Elements to know: C = carbonN = nitrogen H = hydrogenP = phosphorus O = oxygen

Journals… Table of Contents: Page 7 “Biochemistry” Page 6 right side, prepare for cornell notes. Essential Question What is the structure and function of a Carbohydrate? Essential Question:

Standard 9A Compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates….here we go! Structure discovery: For the next minute discuss the following questions at your table: How would you describe the structure (shape) of this biomolecule? What elements are present? What pattern exists among the elements? (hint: count them!)

Structure: typically ring shaped (there are a few exceptions) contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO) have a 1:2:1 ratio (relationship) in the elements. o For every 1 Carbon atom, there are 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom

Marshmallow

Take a few minutes to make observations: Time? Color change? Energy used? How easily do you think the bonds were broken? Other things you noticed…

Think – Pair – Share What are some functions of carbohydrates?

QUICK and IMMEDIATE energy (CAR-bohydrate) ◦ contain 4 calories per gram ◦ there are fewer bonds to break, so the energy is used up QUICKLY Function:

Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes. Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

Carbohydrates Monomer = monosaccharide Glucose Galactose Fructose Polymers = polysaccharides

Carbohydrates ( will usually end in –ose ) examples of monomers = glucose, fructose, galactose lactose sucrose Sweets, fruit, syrup etc… examples of polymers (complex carbohydrates) = starch, cellulose glycogen Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, beans

Starch - plant storage form for energy ◦ easily broken down into glucose units

Cellulose - fiber-like structural material made of glucose monomers ◦ used in plant cell walls

Monomer: Polymer:

At the bottom of your notes, answer your essential question  Use the words carbohydrate, bond, & energy in your answers!

Foldable Time!!! 1.On the FRONT of the Carbohydrate door, color code your elements. C=green, O=blue, H=red 2.On the INSIDE of the Carbohydrate door, write TWO functions, list all elements present, write the name of the monomer 3.On the nutrition label to the right of the function flap, highlight the carbohydrates in green

Costas Levels of Questioning Foldable instructions… Use when you are annotating your notes

Debrief: Odd one out B A C