 Genetic Engineering- faster more reliable way to increase the frequency of a particular trait ( allele)  Recombinant DNA- connecting or recombining fragments of DNA from different sources ex. Can be used to make “drugs” like insulin!  Transgenic organisms- living things that contain recombinant DNA  Restriction enzymes- bacterial proteins that can “cut” DNA in a specific place

 DNA Ligase- enzyme that “glues” it back together  Plasmid- small ring of DNA found in bacterial cells that is used for genetic engineering  Clone- genetically identical copies  Gel electrophoresis- technique used to separate fragments of DNA for identification- an electrical current is sent through and charged particles “move” through it  Gene therapy- process by which a person is given new DNA from a donor for the purpose of curing a disease

 DNA fingerprinting- process that uses DNA technology to solve crimes  Innocence Project- organization that helps free falsely convicted prisoners using DNA techonolgies  In vitro fertilization- process by which an embryo can be conceived outside a woman’s body and has resulted in many new advances in genetic / reproductive technologies  Eugenics- idea that individuals with certain “defective” genes should be killed or sterilized to prevent its spread

 Selective Breeding- choosing what traits an organisms by manipulating reproduction  Ex. More productive cows  Inbreeding- mating between closely related organisms ex. Horses, pit bulls (can cause problems b/c the DNA is too similar  Stem cells- characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell typesmitoticcell divisiondifferentiate -- very controversial because of “how” they are obtained

 Complete the following…  MINI-lab pg. 343  Problem solving pg. 347  Problem solving pg. 353