1 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, IncSlides created by Bob Koziel

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 2 Tips for using the slide show Use MS Power Point XP to view the presentation. Earlier versions will not show the animations correctly. Slides with : Click the slide to view all of its sections and animations. Some slides need to be clicked several times. will appear once the last object on the slide has appeared. Click to go to the next slide. represents an Internet link that will take you to the Web site when you click on it. Internet connection required. Clicking on the or icon will take you to the previous or the next slide. Slides with videos or sounds: Click on the picture to view videos or listen to sounds. NEXT SLIDE I NEXT SLIDE Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc

3 Chapter 8 The Internet: The Network of Networks COMPUTERS IN YOUR FUTURE 2004 COMPUTERS IN YOUR FUTURE 2004 by Bryan Pfaffenberger and Bill Daley Chapter 8 The Internet: The Network of Networks What You Will Learn NEXT SLIDE The Internet and its popularity Differences between the Internet and other online services Differences between client and server software The most popular Internet services and their functions Elements of Internet addresses and domain names The use of internet-based networks within large organizations Improving the Internet’s performance

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 4 The Internet The Internet is a global, interconnected, computer network in which every computer connected to it can exchange data with any other connected computer. The Internet is a global, interconnected, computer network in which every computer connected to it can exchange data with any other connected computer. It’s the first mass medium that involves computers and uses digitized data. It’s the first mass medium that involves computers and uses digitized data. It provides the potential for media convergence, the unification of all media. It provides the potential for media convergence, the unification of all media. It’s transforming how we communicate, obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and maintain professional growth. It’s transforming how we communicate, obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and maintain professional growth. Businesses find it an indispensable tool for their needs. Businesses find it an indispensable tool for their needs. The Internet is a global, interconnected, computer network in which every computer connected to it can exchange data with any other connected computer. The Internet is a global, interconnected, computer network in which every computer connected to it can exchange data with any other connected computer. It’s the first mass medium that involves computers and uses digitized data. It’s the first mass medium that involves computers and uses digitized data. It provides the potential for media convergence, the unification of all media. It provides the potential for media convergence, the unification of all media. It’s transforming how we communicate, obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and maintain professional growth. It’s transforming how we communicate, obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and maintain professional growth. Businesses find it an indispensable tool for their needs. Businesses find it an indispensable tool for their needs. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 5 The Network of Networks The Internet provides immediate and direct contact with all computers on the network.  All Internet computers have an Internet address (IP address).  Internet service providers (ISPs) sell subscriptions to the public.  Its interoperability feature enables access for all types of computers. Large organizations maintain the Internet  Many private and public networks are linked together to provide a worldwide networking system. Packet-switching technology is used to transmit data. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 6 The Internet vs. Online Services An online service is proprietary. It provides services through its network. Some examples of services provided: , chat rooms, customized content, and Internet access. Web services provide a portal (gateway) to connect to the Internet without offering many other services. I Online ServiceWeb Service NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 7 The Internet’s History Significant events in the history of the Internet. Click on the dates for details J.C.R. Lickliter conceives of the idea of a “galactic network” Ray Tomlinson invents . The World Wide Web is developed. The first graphical Web browser is developed. ARPANET goes online connecting four computers. Internet protocols begin. Barriers to commercial activity are lifted. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 8 Netscape Navigator Internet Explorer Internet Software: Client and Server The client, or user’s computer, has a special software program called a Web browser. The server, a computer which can be located anywhere in the world, communicates with the user’s computer by way of standardized rules, or protocols. Data is sent and retrieved between the client and server computers. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 9 is short for electronic mail. It’s the most popular of the Internet services. Messages are sent and received in a few seconds. Attachments such as photos, music files, and any document may be sent with the message. I NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 10 World Wide Web (WWW) The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet that contains Web sites, which are made up of Web pages. Every Web page has its own URL (Uniform Resource Locator), or address. Web pages are documents written using a markup language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Hyperlinks are pictures, words, and icons that connect the client computer to a Web page. I NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 11 Your ComputerFTP Server DOWNLOAD UPLOAD File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP is a part of the Internet that enables client computers to transfer files. Transferring files from an FTP site to the client is known as downloading. Transferring files from the client to an FTP site is known as uploading. Clients may store files on an FTP site’s server. I NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 12 Usenet Usenet is the part of the Internet which enables users to participate in discussion and newsgroups. Usenet newsgroups are organized into hierarchies (categories) and subcategories. Subcategories include Standard, Alt, Biz, and Local newsgroups. I NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 13 Listservs: Electronic Mail Lists A listserv is an automatic list server. Mail is sent to everyone on the list when is generated. It is similar to a newsgroup or a forum. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 14 Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Internet relay chat consists of real-time, text-based conversations. Chat groups are divided into channels that cover a specific topic. I NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 15 Instant Messaging Instant messaging systems let a user know when a friend or business associate is online. It provides a means of communicating through real- time, text-based conversations. I NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 16 Internet Telephony Internet telephony consists of real-time voice and video conversations. A microphone, sound card, and digital video camera for videoconferencing are required. I NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 17 Configuring Your Computer for Internet Access You will need: A computer with an operating system, such as Windows, MAC OS, or UNIX, that supports Internet protocols. Communications equipment such as a modem, ISDN adapter, or Ethernet card. An Internet service provider (ISP). Web browser software such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 18 Accessing the Internet The Internet can be accessed in the following ways: Shell access  The least expensive type of access.  A modem and phone line are required.  Access enables the use of text-based applications. Dial-up access with Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)  The access used by most home users.  A modem and phone line are needed.  The computer is directly connected to the Internet.  A temporary IP address is assigned to the computer. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  It is available in many urban areas.  They offer high-speed permanent access.  A special DSL phone line is required. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 19 Cable and satellite access  Cable access is provided by cable TV companies using coaxial cable and a cable modem.  Access speeds are faster than dial-up connections.  Satellite access enables fast downloads but requires a modem and phone line for uploading. LAN access  Internet access is provided through a local area network (LAN).  Access speed is contingent upon how many people are accessing the Internet at the same time. Internet Service Providers (ISPs)  Internet subscriptions are sold to home and business users.  Access via dial-up connections or leased lines. Accessing the Internet cont. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 20 REGIONALREGIONAL LOCALLOCAL 1. You request a Web page. 2. Your request goes to your ISP’s point of presence (POP). 3. Your request goes to a network access point (NAP). 4. Your request goes to a national backbone network. 5. Your request reaches the Web site’s server and the Web page is sent back to you in packets. YOU ARE HERE NATIONAL Click to view animation. Click once only Backbones NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 21 Internet Protocols Transmission control protocol (TCP)– A standard that defines how one computer can communicate and exchange data with another computer on the Internet. Internet protocol (IP)– Defines the Internet’s addressing scheme. IP address– Each computer connected to the Internet is given an address composed of numbers and periods. Example: NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 22 Domain Name Domain Names Domain Name System (DNS)– Enables users to type names of Web sites and Web pages as well as IP addresses. Example: or Domain name registration– Enables individuals, businesses, and organizations to register their Web sites with InterNIC. The last part of the domain name gives the type of organization that maintains the site. Examples:.com,.net,.edu, and.gov NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 23 Intranets and Extranets Intranet– An internal networking system within a company.  They function like the Internet.  They are for internal use only and are not available to those outside the company. Firewall– Software used to screen incoming data. Extranet– An intranet that can be used by outside sources who access it over the Internet. NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 24 The Future of the Internet Key changes in the Internet need to take place to handle the growing number of users and the speed of the connections. Future changes include:  More Internet addresses. A new version of the Internet Protocol called IPv6 is being developed.  More bandwidth. Internet 2 (I2) is being developed and tested to establish gigabits per second Points of Presence (gigaPOP). NEXT SLIDE

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 25 NEXT SLIDE Chapter 8 Summary 1.The Internet is a global network providing direct access to computers worldwide. 2.Because of its cross-platform feature, computers of all types can use the Internet. 3. Online services are proprietary. 4.Client software enables information to be accessed, and server software delivers the information. 5.Popular Internet services include: A. B.World Wide Web C.FTP D.Usenet E.Listservs F.Instant messaging 1.The Internet is a global network providing direct access to computers worldwide. 2.Because of its cross-platform feature, computers of all types can use the Internet. 3. Online services are proprietary. 4.Client software enables information to be accessed, and server software delivers the information. 5.Popular Internet services include: A. B.World Wide Web C.FTP D.Usenet E.Listservs F.Instant messaging

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 26 NEXT SLIDE Chapter Summary cont. G.Internet Relay Chat H.Internet telephony 6.An Internet address uniquely identifies each computer connected it. 7.Intranets enable companies to set up internal communications. 8.Tomorrow’s Internet will feature more address space and greater bandwidth. G.Internet Relay Chat H.Internet telephony 6.An Internet address uniquely identifies each computer connected it. 7.Intranets enable companies to set up internal communications. 8.Tomorrow’s Internet will feature more address space and greater bandwidth.

Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 27 THE END