Chapter Outline Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. The Middle East Divided II. The Challenge to Colonial Rule in Africa III. Pan-Africanism IV. World War II and Its Aftermath

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Middle East Divided A. The War Years Parties: Russia - Mediterranean port Britain - Suez area French - eastern Mediterranean Germans - Mediterranean, North Africa Jerusalem Zionists Ottomans Enver Pasah, Minister of War joins Central Powers Britain High Commissioner, Henry McMahon and Sharif Husain of Mecca ( ) Arab independence promised

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Middle East Divided A. The War Years Sykes-Picot Agreement secret Britain, France, Russia division of Syria, Iraq, Turkey > Husain launches revolt, 1916 son, Faisal ( ) T.E. Lawrence ( ) General Syrian Congress Faisal, king of Syria San Remo Conference all Arab territories to Allies > mandates France - Syria, Lebanon Britain - Iraq, Palestine Balfour Declaration Jewish homeland in Palestine World Zionist Organization, 1897 Theodore Herzl Chaim Weizmann ( )

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Middle East Divided B. Turkey Mustafa Kemal ( ) "Ataturk" hero of Gallipoli Turkey a Republic Kemal as president Treaty of Lausanne Turkish sovereignty Reforms secular state civil code women's vote alphabet

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Middle East Divided C. Iran Reza Khan 1925 Qajar shah deposed > Pahlavi dynasty Reforms Tehran University westernization some secularization D. Arabia British control Persian Gulf Abd al-Aziz ibn Sa'ud ( ) Takes Mecca and Medina Sharia law

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Middle East Divided E. Egypt Independence Britain retains control 1923 Elections Wafd victory Zaghlul president khedive becomes king Egyptian Feminist Union, 1923 Huda Sha'rawi Muslim Brotherhood, 1928 Hasan al-Banna

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Middle East Divided F. The Mandates Iraq 1917, British in Baghdad Constitutional monarchy Independence British retain control 75-year oil lease Syria French control rebellions French withdraw

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Middle East Divided G. Palestine Yishuv Zionist community kibbutzim Arabs Hajj Amin al-Husayni , Jewish immigration increases Balfour Declaration

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Challenge to Colonial Rule in Africa A. Nationalist movements New forums Lagos Weekly Record West African Pilot Imvo Zabantsundu B. Organization National Congress of British West Africa Gold Coast (Ghana), Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone J. E. Casely-Hayford East African Association Kenya predominantly Kikuyo Harry Thuku, leader 1922, arrested 1923, banned Senegal Blaise Diagne elected to Chamber of Deputies

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Pan-Africanism A. International Support W.E.B. Du Bois ( ) NAACP editor of The Crisis Marcus Garvey ( ) Universal Negro Improvement Association B. Ethiopia Haile Selassie, emperor Italian invasion League of Nations acts ineffective C. Post-War Fifth Pan-African Congress Du Bois Kwame Nkrumah Jomo Kenyatta shift to African leadership

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 30: Emerging National Movements in the Middle East & Africa ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. World War II and Its Aftermath A. World War II African soldiers British West Africa 167,000 soldiers British East Africa 280,000 B. Post-War Tangyanika African National Union founded, 1954 Julius Nyerere uses UN African Democratic Assembly (RDA - Rassemblement démocratique africain) Felix Houphouet-Boigny C. Kenya Kikuyu split Jomo Kenyatta - Kenyan African Union Radials - Land and People's Party (Mau Mau) British response repression, internment camps state of emergency Kenyatta in prison Kenyatta elected president D. South Africa Native National Congress > African National Congress, 1923 African National Conress John Dube ( ) first president founds Ohlange Institute modeled after Tuskegee Institute Charlotte Maxeke ( ) founds high school