5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

2 DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY ge·og·ra·phy 1 : a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface Source-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary

3 IN PLAIN ENGLISH Geography is the study of the earth and everything on it.

4 WHERE DID THE 5 THEMES COME FROM? The 5 Themes of Geography originated by the National Geographic Society to fulfill a need for geographers (people who study the earth and everything on it) categorize everything they learn.

5 WHAT IS “PRILM”? PRILM is a mnemonic device that can be used to help remember what the 5 Themes of Geography are. Simply put, take the first letter of each Theme to create the word PRILM. They are:  Place Place  Region Region  Interaction (Human-Environment) Interaction (Human-Environment)  Location Location  Movement Movement

6 LOCATION  This is divided into 2 parts: Absolute location and Reletive Location  Absolute location is shown by an address. The address can be any type of address that gives an exact position.  Here are some examples: A Street Address: 1, Silly Street, Anywhere Town, Nowhere Place A Map Address: 15 o 20' North, 20 o 15' West  Relative location is shown by saying where something is in relation to somewhere or something else. Here are some examples:  ten minutes away by train  in front of the bank

7 5. PLACE  It is a description of what makes that place unique.  This is divided into 2 parts:  Physical Differences and Human Differences  Physical differences, or characteristics, include things that occur naturally, such as mountains, rivers, type of soil, wildlife, plants, climate etc.  I might say that a place is flat with rich soil and many rivers. I'm still being vague, but already you can see a picture of it in your head, and maybe even begin to imagine what the land is used for.  Human differences, or characteristics, are things that have changed due to people, such as roads and buildings, how people live and their traditions.  The Sahel  Yosemite National Park

8 PLACE Things to think about  Place -- What makes a place different from other places? Differences might be defined in terms of climate, physical features, or the people who live there and their traditions.

9 REGION  Regions are areas that have similar characteristics.  Regions defined by a government or physical characteristics are regions that are strictly maintained, such as countries or continents.  Examples:  Regions defined by a function are areas served by a particular service. Take the example of the school district for Dent-Phelps R-3 School.

10 Human-Environmental Interaction Things to think about  Human-environment interaction -- What are the relationships among people and places? How have people changed the environment to better suit their needs?  Sehel  Yosemite National Park

11 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS  How people have been changed by the environment can be called adaptation. It is the way humans change to suit their environment. An example of this is people who live in very cold climates wearing well-insulated clothes to keep warm. It can also include the way people transport things, in a desert the best way to transport some things is by camel.  How the environment has been changed or modification is the way people change their environment to suit themselves. Artificially watering your lawn, if you live in a dry area is one example, or on a grander scale, creating fertile land in desert areas to grow food crops. Another good example is clearing forests to make room for growing crops.  Depending on the environment is when people depend on their environment for something. Examples of this are using trees for firewood, or coal to warm us in winter, rivers to transport goods and natural resources like oil and coal, to sell or exchange for other needed items that are not available.

12 MOVEMENT Movement includes the movement of people, things, such as goods, as well as communications (the movement of ideas).  A study of movement includes learning about major modes of transportation used by people, an area's major exports and imports, and ways in which people communicate (move ideas). AKA Spatial Interaction Sehal Yosemite National Park

13 MOVEMENT Things to think about.

Quiz About The Five Themes of Geography Click the bell to the left of the correct answer. Applause will sound if the answer is correct. A gong will sound if the answer is incorrect. A key to the quiz follows the last slide. You may continue answering each question until the correct answer is found. Click on the orange arrow key to progress through the quiz.

15 Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a geography theme? A. movement C. region B. human-environmental interaction D. people

16 Question 2 Which of the following is an example of Human-Environmental Interaction? A. getting the mail C. playing Gameboy B. watching TV D. Rainforest Clearing

17 A. Geographica Institute C. Mr. Stratton created everything B. National Geographic Society D. Social Studies Teachers of America Question 3 Which of the following helped create the 5 Themes of Geography?

18 Question 4 Which of the following is an example of PLACE ? A. Deep South C. Dodge County Middle School B. McDonalds D. Skating rink

19 Question 5 Which of the following is NOT an example of Location? A. Springfield, Missouri C. 35* N – 117* W B. Dodge County Middle School 1103 Herman Ave Eastman, GA D. the hills

20 Question 6 Which of the following is an example of region? A. Georgia C. United States B. South America D. The Midwest

21 Question 7 What is the name of a person who studies the earth and everything on it? A. Photographer C. Geographer B. Cartographer D. Mapographer

22 T or F. The Sehel has recently gone to electric vehicles to reduce pollution.  True  False

23 Which of the following is an example of Human Geography? A. MountainsB. County C. CityD. Soil

24 Key  1) D  2) D  3) B  4) A  5) D  6) D  7) C  8) F  9)

25 Tools of Geography  The major tools of geographers are Maps and Globes  Use satellite images and areal photos see how areas change over time.  Example – Sahel is shrinking because of overgrazing livestock and cutting down trees for firewood.  The effects can be seen and compared to other similar locations to help solve the problem.  Example II – Yosemite National Park – Interaction between tourists and the Park created problems Pollution, hiking trails had to be paved.  (USGS)- United States Geographical Survey  produces all topographical maps of the United States

26 Branches of Geography  Human Geography –  People and their activities change from place to place  Political, Cultural, economic, historical Examples: types of government, language ect..  Physical Geography –  Earth’s features change from place to place.  Landforms, climate, weather, wildlife ect.

27 Geographers as a profession  Cartographer – mapmaker  Meteorology – study of the weather and weather forecasting.  Other examples:  Teachers, Urban Planner, GIS specialists, Environmental Manager.