TSW understand and practice the use of in- text citations (parenthetical) and how they relate to the Works Cited page Get out a sheet of paper and copy down the objective. You will be taking notes.

AHS Librarians Mrs. Abdul and Mrs. Greenaway-Chandler September 2009

Why do I have to use different citation styles? Who is going to help me if I can’t do it? How do I know when to cite ? Why do I have to cite sources in my research paper, anyway? What is the difference between a bibliography and works cited page?

Academic Integrity Authority Prevents Plagiarism Identify the sources used Purpose for citing your sources

CITE DO NOT CITE Author’s idea Author’s thought Author’s opinion Author’s research Quotations Summary of someone’s work / research Other people’s pictures, illustrations, etc. Common knowledge Your idea Your thoughts Your opinion Your artwork/pictures When to cite

In-text citation  Pointing to where you got your information from (data, quotes, images, facts) inside the body of the text Bibliography o Complete list of every source you used for the assignment Works Cited o A list of all of the resources that were CITED in the assignment

MLA stands for Modern Language Association. It is used in the humanities. APA stands for American Psychological Association. APA style is used in the social sciences. Turabian (Chicago) is used by historians and in the publishing industry because of its use of footnotes and endnotes. Council of Biology Editors (CBE) is used in the natural sciences.

What are in-text citations exactly? As you are writing your essay, each time you are about to refer to material that came from someone or somewhere else – like a book, an article, or a website, you come right out and tell the reader where the idea came from. Then you indicate what the person said by putting their words in a block quote, a short quote, or a paraphrase and you follow that information up with a little bit of information in parentheses that helps your reader locate the original information! It’s really not that hard!!!

Short quote: 3 or less lines directly taken from a source (make sure you put quotation marks around it!). Block quote: More than 3 lines, single spaced, indented on both sides – No quotation marks (the indent indicates a quote). Paraphrase: Taking someone else’s words and putting it in your own words. You still need to cite this - it’s not your own idea!!!

An editorial in the New York Times states that the importance of early stimulation--to promote the healthy brain development in children--is a "compelling argument for the expansion of support for new parents and of quality child care programs" ("Nurturing"). North Carolina, Vermont, Colorado, and Ohio are implementing programs to offer support services to families with young children ("Nurturing"). Example of a Short quote with citation Introduce where info came from Direct quote How this relates to the big question

Use of ellipses Here’s an example from a recent review of the movie “Get Him to the Greek.” In the Contra Costa Times, Randy Myers writes, “The outrageous ‘Greek’ works better than ‘Funny People’ at least in part because Apatow, who tends to make films that meander too much, hands over writing and directing to a protégé.” If I wanted to quote Myers, and I had limited space, I could use an ellipsis to shorten the quotation: “The outrageous ‘Greek’ works better than ‘Funny People’... because Apatow hands over writing and directing to a protégé”. Ellipses In formal writing, the most common way to use an ellipsis is to show that you’ve omitted words. For example, if you're quoting someone and you want to shorten the quote, you use ellipses to indicate where you've dropped words or sentences.

According to Garner, square brackets also come in handy for subsequent authors and editors who want to “enclose comments, corrections, explanations, interpolations, notes, or translations that were not in the original text” (2). Use of brackets - [ ] “This enterprising paleontologist [Bob Jones] discovered a new species of plant eater.”

What is the brain? According to Richard Restak, the human brain is the master control center of the body. The brain constantly receives information from the senses about conditions both inside the body and outside it. The brain rapidly analyzes this information and then sends out messages that control body functions and actions ("Brain" 561). According to Tether, the brain is divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem (421). Example of a Block quote Writer introduces author Direct quote

In his 1963 “I Have A Dream” speech, Dr. Martin Luther King describes how he wants his own children to live in a world where they are judged based on their behaviors and achievements rather than simply their race (4). In some ways, we can see King’s dream has been achieved, but in other ways it hasn't yet. Here the student introduces the author and context Here the student has put the original quote into their own words Here the student explains how the information relates to their thesis. Parapharase

TSW understand and practice the use of in-text citations (parenthetical) and how they relate to the Works Cited page Objective:

So what are the steps for in-text citations exactly? There are three steps you always need to follow for every quote you give, whether it’s short or long or a paraphrase: 1.Set up the quote – you need a sentence or two that comes before the quote and which tells: a)Who said it and in what publication or text (in the case of a research paper, you must also explain why this person is a legitimate source. b)What the context of the quote is (what was going on in the text at the point where the quote came from). 2. Give the quote itself, followed by the page number in parentheses, or the main part of the web address if it came from the web, or the date if it came from a lecture or interview.

3.Explain how the quote (in your own words) relates to your thesis. You will need a sentence or two after the quote to explain it relevance to your topic. If you don’t do this, the quote is useless and doesn’t do anything for your paper!

Citation Examples Single Author Multiple authors No Author Webpage

MLA In-text citation In the body of your paper Leroy predicted in 1998 that eBay would become the most lucrative Internet business, surpassing most businesses even during tough economic times (45). Or, Founded in 1995 by Pierre Omidyar, Jeff Skoll and Meg Whitman, eBay has become the most lucrative Internet business (Leroy 45). In your works cited page Leroy, Jonathan G. eBay: Stunning Success. New York: Dover Publishing, 2001.

A book with two or more authors According to Franklin and Moss, “Approximately a half-million African Americans saw service overseas during World War II” (440). A significant number of African Americans served in World War II (Franklin and Moss 440). In your works cited page Franklin, John Hope and Alfred A. Moss. From Slavery to Freedom. New York: McGraw-Hill, TIP : When there are two authors, cite both of them. Three or more, use et al (and others). Write the first name and et al. follows.

No Author associated with the magazine article The American Academy of Dermatology suggests using a sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays and has a SPF of at least 15 (“Shining the Light on Sunscreen” 21). The higher the number, the more your skin will be protected. In your works cited page “Shining the Light on Sunscreen.” A Brighter Society. 5 Dec. 1998:21. MLA In-text citation TIP: When the author is unknown, use the title of the book, article or organization. If the title is long, you can always shorten it.

Using the entire webpage, not just a document The Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged is a National Historic Landmark. Today, it is owned and operated by the AME Zion Church (“Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged”). In your works cited page "Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged." NRHP Travel Itinerary National Park Service. 13 Dec TIP: If no author is available, then use the title of the webpage in quotes. MLA In-text citation

Try to introduce your author, the work, or the date it was written o i.e. According to Thompson’s article, o i.e. In the article “The Right Way To Do Laundry,” o i.e. Published in 2007, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was hands-down the best book of the 21 st century. In-text citations allow you to find more information on the works cited page easily o Use author’s last name and page numbers. o Do not use “pp.” or “p.” or “pgs.” o If there’s no author, then use the article’s title.

TSW practice using a citation generator and identify/analyze in-text citations within a sample passage

Citation MachineCitation Machine Easy Bib Within Microsoft Word

Let’s Practice!!!! On your table are UpFront magazines. Locate the article Founding Amateurs on page 12.

Your turn!!! Identify which table you are and turn to the page number assigned. Table 1 – pg 14Table 6 – pg 4 (either article) Table 2 – pg 10Table 7 – pg 16 Table 3 – pg 6Table 8 – pg 10 Table 4 – pg 20Table 9 – pg 6 Table 5 - pg 4 (any of the 3)

You will need one sheet of paper for your table. Identify a writer and the rest of the table members are looking for the required elements. Using the template provided, find all the required elements to fill each field. On your paper, write the information that would go into each of the fields in the template. Write all your table members and article number on the back of your paper. Instructions: You will have 5 minutes to get this done

TSW practice using a citation generator and identify/analyze in-text citations within a sample passage

“ Experimental psychology at private colleges. ” New York Times. 15 Apr. 2002: A8. Johnston, Lawrence and Denise Smith. When the snow falls. Des Moines: Delacorte Press, “ The Flu. ” Nine MSN University of Minneapolis. 21 Oct Smiles, James. "Libraries Work." School Library Journal 2006: 12. Ebscohost. Ebscohost. Albany High School. 10 Dec Works Cited Page Underline or italicize titles Always indent second line No author? Title comes first Dates are written Day Month Year Page 15 Page number

Need more help with In-text citations You Quote it, You note it! – A plagiarism exercise

Citations should be in alphabetical order. If there’s no author, then use the article’s title. Underline the title of books and magazines. Citations should be double spaced. The second line and subsequent lines should be indented at least 5 spaces. The Works Cited Page should also be numbered. Tips for the Works Cited Page

Always check with your teacher to determine which citation style you should use in your research paper Be consistent Rules may change for citations, but consistency is best Use college websites, handbooks, or Internet sources to stay updated

"Identifying Plagiarism Activity Sheet." Lehman College/College Now Lehman College. 13 Dec 2008 Cite a Source: How and Why You Should Do It. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 16 July YouTube. 9 December Delaney, Robert. "MLA Citation Style." Long Island University B. Davis Schwartz Memorial Library. 15 November Long Island University. 13 Dec Harvey, Michael. "The Nuts and Bolts of College Writing." Nuts and Bolts of College Writing Washington College. 13 Dec "MLA Citation Examples." Honolulu Community College Library. 20 September Honolulu Community College Library. 13 Dec Starr, Karen. "Helpful Strategies: Scenarios." University at Albany University at Albany. 13 Dec "What is MLA Style?." Modern Language Association. 29 April Washington College. 12 December Bibliography

Garner, B Garner's Modern American Usage, 3rd Edition, p New York: Oxford University Press.