© 2011 Cengage Learning Pitching Your Idea Presentation Skills for Designers

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcomes 14-1 Identify the initial attitude of your target audience Phrase your persuasive speech goal as a proposition Identify some dispositional and actuation persuasive speech patterns Follow ethical communication guidelines when preparing persuasive speeches.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Understand where most of the audience members stand on your topic Phrase a proposition that is appropriate to the rhetorical situation Choose a suitable persuasive organizational framework Evaluate the speech based on ethical guidelines Creating Effective and Ethical Persuasive Speeches

© 2011 Cengage Learning attitude a general or enduring positive or negative feeling about some person, object, or issue

© 2011 Cengage Learning target audience the group of people you most want to persuade

© 2011 Cengage Learning Sample Opinion Continuum

© 2011 Cengage Learning Opposed No opinion –Uninformed –Neutral –Apathetic In favor Attitudes Learning Outcome 14-1

© 2011 Cengage Learning proposition A declarative sentence that clearly indicates the position you will advocate.

© 2011 Cengage Learning A statement designed to convince your audience that something: –Did, probably did, probably did not, or did not exist or occur. –Is, probably is, probably is not, or is not true. –Will, probably will, probably will not, or will not occur. Proposition of Fact Learning Outcome 14-2

© 2011 Cengage Learning A statement designed to convince your audience that something is good, bad, desirable, undesirable, fair, unfair, moral, immoral, sound, unsound, beneficial, harmful, important, or unimportant. Learning Outcome 14-2 Proposition of Value

© 2011 Cengage Learning A statement designed to convince your audience that a particular rule, plan, or course of action should be taken. Learning Outcome 14-2 Proposition of Policy

© 2011 Cengage Learning Speeches to convince focus on changing or reinforcing audience’s belief or attitude towards a topic. Speeches to actuate focus on encouraging audience to take action. Persuasive Speech Patterns Learning Outcome 14-3

© 2011 Cengage Learning Comparative advantages show that one, two, or more alternatives is best. Criteria satisfaction seeks audience agreement on criteria that should be considered when evaluating a particular proposition, and shows how proposition satisfies the criteria. Learning Outcome 14-3 Organizational Framework for Speeches to Convince

© 2011 Cengage Learning A refutative pattern challenges opposing arguments and bolsters the speaker’s. Statement of reasons are used to confirm propositions of fact in which speaker presents best-supported reasons in a meaningful order. Learning Outcome 14-3 Organizational Framework for Speeches to Convince

© 2011 Cengage Learning Problem-solution explains the nature of a problem and proposes a solution. Problem-cause-solution adds a main point that reveals the causes of the problem and proposes a solution designed to alleviate those causes. Learning Outcome 14-3 Organizational Frameworks for Speeches to Actuate

© 2011 Cengage Learning The motivated sequence combines problem-solution pattern with explicit appeal designed to motivate audience. 1.The attention step 2.The need step 3.The satisfaction step 4.The visualization step 5.The action appeal step Learning Outcome 14-3 Organizational Frameworks for Speeches to Actuate

© 2011 Cengage Learning Ethical persuasive speeches: 1.Aim to improve the well-being of the audience by advocating the honest belief of the speaker. 2.Provide choice. 3.Use representative supporting information. 4.Use emotional appeals to engage the audience in the rational thought process. 5.Honestly present the speaker’s credibility. Learning Outcome 14-4 Ethical Guidelines for Persuasive Speeches