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Matter Classification of Matter
A. Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous MixtureCompoundElement MIXTUREPURE SUBSTANCE yesno Can it be chemically decomposed? noyes Is the composition uniform? noyes
Pure Substances 1. Element composed of identical atoms EX: copper wire, aluminum foil
Pure Substances 2. Compound composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements EX: table salt (NaCl)
Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous uneven distribution Homogeneous even distribution
Mixtures 1. Homogeneous very small particles particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol
Mixtures 2. Heterogeneous large particles – can see particles settle (needs to be shaken) EX:fresh-squeezed lemonade
Mixtures Examples: jello muddy water Fog saltwater Italian salad dressing
ElementCompoundMixture A substance with the same type of atoms Two or more substance chemically combined Two or more substance physically combined Can not be separated into smaller parts Can only be separated by chemical means Can only be separated by physical means Examples: Fe, Al, O, NExamples: Water (H20), Table salt (NaCl) Examples: soil, lemonade, salad Element - Compound - Mixtures
Changes in Matter Physical Change Change in form or state of matter without altering chemical composition Examples: slicing a banana, boiling water, dissolving sugar; *** phase changes are physical! Chemical Change Changing substance into new substance by reorganizing atoms…chemical bonds are made or broken Examples: burning, rusting, copper turns green
5 Indicators of a chemical change Color Change Light emitted (glow sticks, candle burning) Temperature change (happens on its own – you don’t supply heat) Precipitate forms (solid from 2 liquids) Gas production (you see bubbles)