 Understanding Aperture – Shutter Speed - ISO

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f stops F stops = The measurement of the aperture setting in a camera lens

The exposure meter allows you to keep your exposure triangle balanced.

WHEN CAMERA IS SET TO “A”  Turn the dial in back of the camera until you reach your desired f stop  Notice when you change the f stop, that the camera will automatically change the shutter speed for you.  Pay close attention to the meter – when it is at 0 that’s when the exposure is perfect! Portraits & Stills Turn Dial here Ch2Zpmk

f/2 has a larger opening f/16 has a smaller opening Set it to a low aperture if you want a blurred background, or a high aperture if you want everything to be in focus.

What to do  You will need to capture series of images, 3 for each topic  For each series of 3 include the following:  Clear image, long shot  Background slightly blurred, medium shot  Background completely blurred out, subject closer Things to keep in mind  Aperture – F22, F11, F5.6  Focal Length -  Distance from subject  You will be creating a contact sheet for all 3 series on one sheet to be printed and turned in

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Shutter speed is how fast the camera records the picture.

WHEN CAMERA IS SET TO “S”  Turn the dial in back of the camera until you reach your desired shutter speed.  Notice when you change the f stop, that the camera will automatically change the shutter speed for you.  If your aperture number starts flashing, that means that the shutter speed you selected is too high to or too low to correctly expose the picture. Moving Objects Turn Dial here

What to do  You will need to capture someone in motion  Change the shutter speed six different times to capture the subject moving  Your images should start out blurring and slowly get clearer – the last image should freeze your subject’s motion all together. Things to keep in mind  Use a tripod if you don’t have a steady hand  Provide directions to your subject  Lots of lighting necessary  You will need to create a contact sheet showing a progression of captured movement throughout the 6 photos

 ISO is the 3 rd component to the Exposure Triangle and it measures the sensitivity of the image sensor.  If you have your Aperture and Shutter Speed the way you want and you still have too little or too much light, try resetting your ISO  The lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain.  Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds – but they can be grainier. Start video at 1;08 8xHwjI

 Click the Menu button  Use the round dial with the up & down arrows plus the OK button to maneuver around & make selections  Make sure the Camera icon is selected  Scroll down to ISO Sensitivity  Select ISO setting for desired lighting NIKON CAMERA SETTINGS Very Bright light Outside settings Indoor settings Very low light

 You will need to shoot in two different areas of light – Low light & bright light  Shoot 2 series of 3 photos each changing your ISO, starting with highest ISO to lowest ISO  Look to see where you see the grain/noise 1st  Outdoor lighting works better with low ISO  Indoor low lighting works best with high ISO  Indoor lighting with bright lights use an ISO somewhere in between  Always seek to have no noise!

 Shooting in Manual Mode (“M” on dial) allows the photographer complete control over all settings.  Things to consider:  Pictures tend to come out blurrier, even if you are shooting a still object or person, so use a tripod.  Lighting is extremely important – so pay close attention to the meter when adjusting all 3 exposure settings.  It is really difficult to capture motion in Manual Mode so keep things steady!

 Hold down the button with the +/- signs on it  At the same time turn the dial with your thumb until you reach your desired f stop Dial +/- button

 Click the INFO button, then release it  Then turn the dial with your thumb until you reach your desired shutter speed Dial Button

 You still change the ISO the same as with the other settings  Just remember to try different ISO settings to get different results. NIKON CAMERA SETTINGS Very Bright light Outside settings Indoor settings Very low light

 White balance is a camera setting that adjusts for lighting in order to make white objects appear white in photos. This is more difficult than it might seem due to the fact that light cast from different sources is different in color (technically called temperature).

What to do  Using the gray card, capture 6 different images (before & after shots):  One outside – natural light  One inside in hallway – yellow lighting  One in studio using softboxes/track lights  Use a friend as subject  Have them hold the gray card for 1 st photo each time and change the White Balance settings as needed Things to keep in mind  Each time you change lighting you must remember to reset the white balance  Have a before and after picture  You will create a contact sheet with all 6 photos