CAMERAS, PARTS of the CAMERA, and ACCESSORIES (TAKE NOTES ON THE UNDERLINED MATERIAL AND LABELLED DIAGRAMS)

TYPES OF CAMERAS  Point and Shoot : inexpensive, simple to use, compact size, automatic settings  SLR / DSLR - (Digital) Single Lens Reflex : often expensive, requires knowledge to use, total control of settings, interchangeable lenses, use of accessories  Action / Specialty Cameras : GoPro, Polaroid, Underwater Camera

SINGLE LENS REFLEX The light enters through the lens, reflects off of a mirror, and can be displayed in the viewfinder. When a photo is taken, the mirror swings up, and the shutter opens, exposing the sensor. The sensor then records the image, before the shutter and mirror close again.

PARTS OF A CAMERA 1.Lens 2.Body 3.Mirror 4.Shutter 5.Sensor 6. Viewfinder 7. Shutter Release 8. Hot Shoe 9. Mode Dial

TERMS & SETTINGS  Megapixel : 1,000,000 pixels  Red Eye: the discoloration to the eyes of a person when flash is used  White Balance : the color balance, based on your environments light, to make white a “true” white  Exposure : the TOTAL amount of light received, determined by the following…  ISO : sensitivity to light  Aperture : measured in f/stop – affects the sharpness of your photo  Shutter Speed : controls exposure, also controls motion

ISO  Sensitivity to light.  Affects the quality of the image. The higher the ISO, the more grain.  Ideally, you have enough natural light to allow you to photograph at a low ISO setting.  Remember that ISO works in tandem with Shutter Speed and Aperture to create a good image.  (the images show pictures taken at 100, 400, 1600, and 3200 – with no aperture or shutter speed manipulation)

APERTURE  Measured in f/stops  Changes the Depth of Field in a photo.  Depth of Field - the depth in a scene from foreground to background that will be sharp in a photo.  Smaller apertures increase the depth of field, and larger ones decrease.

SHUTTER SPEED  Controls exposure – lets light in  Measured in time – fractions of a second. The shorter the length of time the shutter is open, the more crisp the image will be, but less light will enter.  Controls how motion is photographed – the longer the shutter is open, the more light is recorded. Motion will be blurred, but likewise, darkness will be more visible.

SHOOTING MODES  AUTO – All settings are automatically selected by camera  P – Program Mode - Pre-set settings, as a go to quick selection  Av – Aperture Priority Mode – You select Aperture, the rest is auto  Tv – Shutter Priority Mode – You select Shutter Speed, the rest is auto  M – Manual Mode – You select all settings  Portrait – camera automatically uses large aperture to take good portraits  Landscape - camera uses large depth of field to get everything in focus  Macro – allows focus on small subjects / get high detail  Sports – camera uses fast shutter speed to capture fast moving objects clearly

MEMORY CARDS  SD Card – secure digital card – most commonly used memory device. Higher capacity cards can hold upwards of 2 TB  Compact Flash – introduced in 1994, and is still used for higher end cameras, due to its fast data writing. Maximum capacity of 2 TB  Memory Stick Pro (duo) – card used by Sony devices. While still used by some devices, SD cards are the standard. Maximum capacity of 2 TB  xD – card used by old Fujifilm and Olympus cameras - Maximum capacity of 2 GB

ACCESSORIES  Hot Shoe – the mounting point on top of the camera for accessories like a flash or microphone.  Tripod Mount - the mounting point on the bottom of the camera for tripods, monopods, glidecams, etc.

LENSES  There are TWO types of camera lenses  ZOOM lenses have a range of focal length that they can view and photograph.  PRIME or fixed lens is a lens that has a fixed position and cannot optically zoom. Within those two respective categories, specific use lenses exist. Some include: -Wide angle lens – for wider picture plane -Telephoto lens – used for sports and wildlife photography, to get a closer view from far away -Macro lens – used to focus closer on objects than other lenses can. Used for still life, small objects, plants, insects, etc.