Aim: Why are Enzymes necessary for our survival? A + BC C

What role do enzymes play in our bodies? A + BC Enzymes speed up chemical reactions

Let’s Review Chemical Reactions: A + B C or C A + B Reactants Products

What Reaction is this? A + B A-B + H 2 O Dehydration SynthesisEnzyme If an enzyme is added to the reaction, then it will speed up the reaction. In other words, we will produce A-B more quickly.

What is a Catalyst? A catalyst is any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being changed. Catalyst Inorganic Catalyst Organic Catalyst Enzyme Why are enzymes called organic catalysts? They are PROTEINS!!

What are some important reactions that enzymes need to speed up? Digestion Synthesis PhotosynthesisCell Respiration

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? By definition, an ENZYME is an ORGANIC catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the ACTIVATION ENERGY.

What is activation energy? ACTIVATION ENERGY is the amount of energy needed to START a chemical reaction.

Closer Look at Activation Energy: A + B A-B + H 2 O An enzyme lowers the barrier, and therefore makes the reaction go faster. A + B A-B A + B A-B

How do enzymes work? A + B A-B ENZYME A-B Enzymes bind to the reactants so the chemical reaction can take place (that is why AE is lowered).

What are Substrates and Active Sites? A-B A + B A-B Substrates- are the reactants that bind to the enzyme Active Site- is the place on the enzyme where the substrates bind

Enzyme-substrate specificity Enzymes are SPECIFIC (in shape) for the SUBSTRATES they attach to, just like a lock and key.

Think of enzymes and substrates as a lock and key Substrate Enzyme Active Site

Enzyme-Substrate Complex Is formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme Enzyme Substrate

What do you think determines the shape of enzymes? Enzyme 1)The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape 2) The shape of a protein determines its activity

WHAT CHANGES? A-B + H 2 O A + B Enzyme What reaction is this? Hydrolysis The enzyme doesn’t change, it can be reused

Some common enzymes PROTEIN AMINO ACIDS protease Hydrolysis The names of some Enzymes end in the letters ase. Examples: Protease Lipase Sucrase

Can you ID the substrate, product, enzyme, active site, & enzyme substrate complex? Substrate Product Enzyme Active SiteEnzyme – Substrate Complex

Let’s make jell-o