CHAPTER ONE EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH. THINKING THROUGH REASONING (INDUCTIVELY) Inductive Reasoning : developing generalizations based on observation of a.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis & Application:
Advertisements

Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Method Issues Marian Ford Erin Gonzales November 2, 2010.
Educational Research: Introduction to the Concept
Chapter 1 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 1 Nature and Purpose of Research.
Chapter 3 Preparing and Evaluating a Research Plan Gay and Airasian
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Introduction to Educational Research
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Dr. William M. Bauer
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Introduction to Educational Research
RESEARCH DESIGN.
(Business Research Methods)
Introduction to Educational Research
Chapter 10 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 10 Qualitative Research.
McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature of Research Chapter One.
Qualitative Research.
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
RESEARCH IN MATH EDUCATION-3
Research Methods in Education
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research? A type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study. A type of educational research.
Types of Research (Quantitative and Qualitative) RCS /11/05.
Quantitative Research. Quantitative Methods based in the collection and analysis of numerical data, usually obtained from questionnaires, tests, checklists,
The Process of Conducting Research
Introduction to Research
Research PHE 498. Define Research Research can be considered as systematic inquiry: A process that needs to be followed systematically to derive conclusions.
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Introduction to Educational Research
McMillan Educational Research: Fundamentals for the Consumer, 6e © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Educational Research: Fundamentals.
Research and survey methods Introduction to Research Islamic University College of Nursing.
Qualitative Research January 19, Selecting A Topic Trying to be original while balancing need to be realistic—so you can master a reasonable amount.
Conducting and Reading Research in Health and Human Performance.
Nursing research Is a systematic inquiry into a subject that uses various approach quantitative and qualitative methods) to answer questions and solve.
Qualitative Research EDUC 7741/Paris/Terry.
EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR 1 Research Methods in Education.
Research for Nurses: Methods and Interpretation Chapter 1 What is research? What is nursing research? What are the goals of Nursing research?
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research? A type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study. A type of educational research.
Introduction to Research. Purpose of Research Evidence-based practice Validate clinical practice through scientific inquiry Scientific rational must exist.
Sociology. Sociology is a science because it uses the same techniques as other sciences Explaining social phenomena is what sociological theory is all.
What is Research Design? RD is the general plan of how you will answer your research question(s) The plan should state clearly the following issues: The.
McGraw-Hill © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 Sociological Research SOCIOLOGY Richard T. Schaefer 2.
Research Design Overview Goal: To provide a brief overview of the types of research conducted in the fields of education and nursing as a review for students.
Introduction to Marketing Research
The Pennsylvania state university college of nursing Nursing 200w
Planning my research journey
Psychology Notes 1.1.
How to Research Lynn W Zimmerman, PhD.
Chapter 2 Sociological Research Methods.
SOCIOLOGY: A Brief Introduction
Leacock, Warrican and Rose (2009)
The Pennsylvania state university college of nursing Nursing 200w
Lecture 02.
Research & Writing in CJ
CHAPTER 2 Research Methods in Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Chapter 2 Sociological Research Methods
Chapter Three Research Design.
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
RESEARCH 101 D C B A Building on the Basics
Research Methods unit 2 lecture vocabulary
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches Dr. William M. Bauer
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Method Issues
How did we come to know … Different sources of knowledge: Experience
RESEARCH DESIGNS M. Tsvere.
Theoretical Perspectives
Research in Psychology
Overview of Qualitative Research Gay, Mills, and Airasian
Problems, Purpose and Questions
Features of a Good Research Study
What is qualitative research?
Debate issues Sabine Mendes Lima Moura Issues in Research Methodology
Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER ONE EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

THINKING THROUGH REASONING (INDUCTIVELY) Inductive Reasoning : developing generalizations based on observation of a limited number of related events or experiences. Example Observation : An instructor examines five research textbooks. Each chapter contains a chapter about sampling Generalization : The instructor concludes that all research textbooks contain a chapter about sampling.

THINKING THROUGH REASONING (DEDUCTIVE) Deductive reasoning -(essentially reverse process)— arriving at specific conclusions based on general principles, observations, or experiences (i.e., generalizations). Example Observations : All research textbooks contain a chapter on sampling. The book you are reading is a research text. Generalization : The book must contain a chapter on sampling (does it?)

SCIENTIFIC METHOD Recognition and definition of a problem Formulation of hypothesis Collection and analysis of data Statement of conclusions regarding hypothesis

LIMITATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD Scientific method cannot answer all questions, i.e., will not resolve the question, “Should we legalize euthanasia?” Questions such as these are influenced by personal philosophy, values, and ethics. Scientific method can never capture the full richness of the individuals/environments under study (variables & aspects of context will remain unexamined). Measuring instruments always have some degree of error

WHAT IS RESEARCH? Research is the formal, systematic application of the scientific method to the study of problems/issues. Educational Research is the formal, systematic application of the scientific method to the study of educational problems. The Goal: To describe, explain, predict, and/or control phenomena

TWO BROAD APPROACHES TO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH (ALL EDUCATIONAL INQUIRY ULTIMATELY INVOLVES A DECISION TO STUDY OR DESCRIBE SOMETHING—TO ASK SOME QUESTION AND SEEK AN ANSWER.) Quantitative Research The collection and analysis of numerical data to describe, explain, predict, or control phenomena of interest. State the hypothesis to be examined & specify research procedures that will be used to carry out study. Maintain control over contextual factors that may interfere with the data collection & identify a sample of participants large enough to provide statistically meaningful data. Many quantitative researchers have little personal interaction with the participants they study Driving assumption: We inhabit a relatively stable, uniform, and coherent world that we can measure, understand, and generalize about.

TWO BROAD APPROACHES TO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH (ALL EDUCATIONAL INQUIRY ULTIMATELY INVOLVES A DECISION TO STUDY OR DESCRIBE SOMETHING—TO ASK SOME QUESTION AND SEEK AN ANSWER.) Qualitative Research The collection, analysis, and interpretation of comprehensive narrative and visual (i.e., nonnumerical) data to gain insights into a particular phenomenon of interest. Qualitative research does not necessarily accept the view of a stable, coherent, uniform world. Meaning is situated in a particular perspective or context, and because different people and groups often have different perspectives and contexts, the world has many different meanings, none of which is necessarily more valid or true than another. Qualitative researchers often avoid stating a hypothesis before data are collected (quantitative research usually tests a specific hypothesis; qualitative research often does not). Because qualitative research strives to study things in their naturalistic settings, it is sometimes referred to as naturalistic research, naturalistic inquiry, or field-oriented research.

QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES (QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACHES ARE INTENDED TO DESCRIBE CURRENT CONDITIONS, INVESTIGATE RELATIONS, AND STUDY CAUSE—EFFECT PHENOMENA) Survey research —involves collecting numerical data to answer questions about the current status of the subject of study. Correlational research —examines the relation between two or more variables. Causal-comparative research —seeks to investigate between two or more different programs, methods, or groups. Experimental research —(investigates causal relations among variables)—at least one independent variable is manipulated, other relevant variables are controlled, and the effect on one or more dependent variables is observed. Single-subject experimental designs —a type of experimental research that can be applied when the sample is one individual or group. This type of design is often used to study the behavior change an individual or group exhibits as a result of some intervention or treatment.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ( QUALITATIVE RESEARCH SEEKS TO PROBE DEEPLY INTO THE RESEARCH SETTING TO OBTAIN IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT THE WAY THINGS ARE, WHY THEY ARE THAT WAY, AND HOW THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONTEXT PERCEIVE THEM) Narrative research —the study of how different humans experience the world around them; it involves a methodology that allows people to tell the stories of their “storied lives.” Ethnographic research (or ethnography) —the study of the cultural patterns and perspectives of participants in their natural settings. Case study research —a qualitative research approach to conducting research on a unit of study or bounded system (e.g., an individual teacher, a classroom, or a school can be a case).

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS Identifying a research topic (narrow and manageable) Reviewing the literature Selecting participants (purposely selected; fewer in numbers than quantitative research) Collecting data (interviews, observations, artifacts) Analyzing & interpreting data (analyzing themes, general tendencies, and providing interpretations of the data) Reporting and evaluating the research (summarize and integrate the qualitative data in narrative and visual form)

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH The central focus is to provide an understanding of a social setting or activity as viewed from the perspective of the research participants Qualitative research includes individual, person-to-person interactions, much time with participants and in research setting. Qualitative data is analyzed inductively (researcher focuses on discovery and understanding) Qualitative research avoids making premature decisions or assumptions about the study and remains open to alternative explanations) Qualitative research reports include clear and detailed descriptions of the study that include voices of the participants

GUIDELINES FOR CLASSIFICATION Determining which approach to research is appropriate for a given study depends on the way the research problem is defined. Research method should be chosen after, not before, the topic or question to be studied. The problem determines which approach is appropriate. (see p. 16)

CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH BY PURPOSE All research studies fall into one or two categories: Basic research —conducted soled for the purpose of developing or refining a theory. Theory development is a conceptual process that requires many research studies conducted over time. Applied research —conducted for the purpose of applying or testing a theory to determine its usefulness in solving practical problems (i.e., “Will the theory of multiple intelligences help improve my students’ learning?”). Evaluation research —the systematic process of collecting and analyzing data about the quality, effectiveness, merit, or value of programs, products, or practices (this research focuses mainly about making decisions on programs, products, and practices). Research and Development (R&D) —the process of researching consumer needs and then developing products to fulfill those needs.

ACTION RESEARCH The value of action research is confined primarily to those conducting it. Action research is a means by which concerned school personal can attempt to improve the educational process within their environment.

ACTION RESEARCH Identify a Problem/Issue/Concern/Wondering Identify a question(s) What is the hypothesis? Review of Literature Methodology Conduct the Research Analysis of Data Implications Conclusion

ETHICS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Participants should not be harmed in any way Consent must be obtained Participants are assured confidentiality