CAST The Cern Axion Solar Telescope Κωνσταντίνος Ζιούτας, Τμήμα Φυσικής, Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών CERN, 16/11/2012

Fritz Zwicky 1898 – 1974

There is no Royal Way … to axions, chameleons,…, solar physics! Euclid  Ptolemy I -2300

encyclopedia

Πυρηνικές δυνάμεις  πρόβλημα  Νετρόνιο => ουδέτερο +  + - Λύση: axion  σκοτεινή ύλη ( Big Bang),  Ήλιο >>> CAST  Εργαστήριο, π.χ., OSQAR / CERN

2  Beyond Standard Model physics! Axions -> … to explain DM -> …and more!? 2004  Khoury + Weltman 2004 Chameleons … to explain DE CHs: CHs: inspiring particles ! Rigorous theory missing Search on a wide front for: solar-, lab-, cosmic - a/ CH s Higgs

4 Sun: A perfectly shielded “radioactive” source of exotica Solar Axions: Visible light ν’ s Axions Chameleons Paraphotons... WISPs + more? - 4mm mfp γ thermal R surface | ~2 sec ~10 6 years Visible light tachocline 1 km 1cm km 0km B solar essential !.. truely LSW! Random walk over L:  Conversion ~(B solar L) 2

6 SUN:  5 Mtons / s of energy is released ~100 ktons ~axions / s … … overlooked ?! 10%

Corona … enigma …  …?? the coronal heating mechanism remains unknown! B. De Pontieu, et al., Science 331 (2011) 55, ttp:// See also Overlooked ~axions, ~Chameleons, … WISPs !? 26 One of the most enduring problems in modern astrophysics is to explain: how the MK solar corona is created and sustained. S.J. Bradshaw, J.A. Klimchuk, J.W. Reep,

One of the most enduring problems in modern astrophysics is to explain how the MK solar corona is created and sustained. S.J. Bradshaw, J.A. Klimchuk, J.W. Reep, Note: B ʘ  ignored sofar…

 a / CH -helioscope  6

The Primakoff Effect 1951  × B,ΕB,Ε H. Primakoff Behind all present axion work! axion 7

CERN Axion Solar Telescope + Chameleons Production: Primakoff effect Thermal photons interacting with solar nuclei produce Axions. Detection Inverse Primakoff: axion interacting coherently with a strong magnetic field (~B 2 ) converts to a photon Signal: excess of X-rays during alignment over background Differential axion flux on Earth P a  γ  (g 10 ) 2 ∙ 1.7 ∙ Pierre Sikivie 1983 the only moving 1.8K

 B X  virtual α CAST 9

1.7 m X-Ray Telescope 11

CAST C ern A xion S olar T elescopepresent Example: particle physics  astroparticle physics!

C E R N C o u r i e r A p r i l CAST

11 ALPS / DESY CAST ADMX CDM axion search CDM axions / ALPs

μέλλον?

Chameleons

Transparent windows Nanotubes material : base material Al 2 O 3  tests in progress at DESY  UoPatras Feasibility for Kapton based using Microbulk techniques  honeycomb  Saclay 26

3 21/7/2012 = Isotropic Compton-scattering = f(column density)  [ ≈ 0 / ≈ 1] CAST in space?  YES!!

27 + It is remarkable + fascinating that the Sun emits intense X-rays...  mystery S. Tsuneta, AAPPS Bulletin, 19(#3) ( 2009 ) SPHINX : - confirmed best in 2009 extreme solar minimum

25 CAST solar physics ?   γ - deficit / excess + ( [B ʘ ] 2 + ρ )  (dis)appearance of photons a/CH signal  spatiotemporal dependence “ ARs transient events, e.g.: nanoflares

ΔT/T ∼ a few×10 -5 CMB ΔΤ ≈ ± 200μ K ΔT/T ∼ 10 3 New physics! » new physics?! SUN 32

K. Zioutas, CERN Courier July/August 2006 Axion community support open access Publications are the major output of scientific research and should be made available in their final form to the widest possible audience. In his talk Jens Vigen, CERN’s head librarian, underlined the importance of the axion community’s decision to challenge the current publishing paradigm that is based on publication behind toll barriers, and supported unanimously the open-access initiative advocated by CERN. For example, Living Reviews in Solar Physics, published by the Max Planck Society, is an interesting new title published as open access. Vigen appreciated the willingness of the CAST collaboration to make data from the experiment freely available worldwide (CERN Courier May 2003 p50).2006

An ongoing revolution  in all science  in all science  in all times  in all times …exciting times!

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