EQ: How are lasting effects of the Greek Empire still relevant today? Square one…..In bullet format write down any and all information that you know regarding the geography, politics, religion, wars, and/or people of Greece

Ancient Greece Chapter 4

Greece: Geography shapes Greek Life The Sea Ionian and Aegean Seas Traders; no natural resources The Land Mountains in 3/4ths Influences political life Desire for more living space The Climate Mediterranean Supported outdoor activities Outdoor Town Halls

Minoans – 3000 B.C. First people of Greece Located on island of Crete Seafaring/traders Developed more sophisticated plumbing

Mycenaean's 2000 B.C. Mainland Greeks Mycenae Withstand any attack Dominated by Warrior-Kings Agamemnon Warlike raiding kingdoms Minoan Influence Trade Art Religion Politics Literature

The Trojan War 10 yr. war Paris takes Helen Menelaus’ wife Mainland Greeks Sail to Troy Other Theory

The Dark Ages Invaders move into Greece Dorian's take Peloponnesus Economy/trade collapse No writing Word of mouth

Storytime Homeric Greece Homer: Greatest storyteller Myths Stories about their gods Arete Virtue and Excellence

Greek Gods Greek God Name: What the God controls: AphroditeGoddess of love and beauty ApolloGod of music, healing, oracles (prophecy): NOT sun god, but is associated with the sun. AresGod of war ArtemisProtector of Women; goddess of night and the hunt AthenaWisdom, War, Art, Industry, Justice, and Skill DemeterGoddess of corn, grain, and harvest DionysusGoddess of wine, agriculture, and nature fertility HeraGoddess of marriage and birth HermesGod of riches and trade HephaestusGod of smiths and fire PoseidonGod of the seas; water ZeusRuler of all the Greek Gods; God of light and sky

Rule and Order in City States Polis – a city state Adult males Women/kids Non-citizens Colonies Spread culture Increase trade and Industry Distrust grows

What do you know? 1.What is arete? 2.What three things did the Dorians forget how to do? 3.How were the Greek city-states able to control the Mediterranean Sea? 4.What is a polis? 5.How was history passed on from generation to generation during the Dark Ages?

Square two How does the topography(Geography) of Greece affect it’s economy and security?

Differing views of Government Tyranny One tyrant controls all Oligarchy Rule by a few powerful land owners Wealthy Monarchy King rules

Sparta Builds a Military State Put Sparta First Value duty, strength, and discipline Toughness and obedience Men Women

Square three: How can the severe lifestyle of the Spartans be both an advantage and disadvantage?

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy Democracy emerges Solon Men Active in politics Military weak Free thought Women Manage house

Armies emerge Ordinary citizens had weapons/fought Phalanx Hoplites

Persian Wars Revolt Greeks Vs. Persians Battle at Marathon Pheidippidies Victory at Sea Stalemate

Outcomes of Persian War City states gain sense of confidence and freedom Sparta is depleted Athens becomes leading city

Pericles Age of Pericles –Skillful politician/general –Golden age of Greece Three goals: 1.To strengthen Athenian democracy 2.To hold and strengthen the empire 3.To glorify Athens

Stronger Democracy Democracy: Rule by the people –Citizens vote Athens: most democratic governments in history –Demos : people –Kratos : power Democratic System –Assembly –Generals –Magistrates American Government –comes from Greek model

Pericles Expands Democracy Political power exercised by citizens Three branches of government Legislative branch passes laws Executive branch carries out laws Judicial branch conducts trials with paid jurors

Athenian Empire Delian League –Created to push out Persia –Collected a tax Strongest navy in Mediterranean –Increased safety of empire –Overseas trade to obtain supplies of grain/raw materials

Glorify Athens Bought gold, ivory, and marble Artisans/architects Parthenon –Built to honor Athena –Housed Greek art (sculptures)

Spartans and Athenians go to War Athens grows to mighty empire Sparta declares war –Peloponnesian War Pericles’ orders army to stay in Athens

Sparta: Gains the Edge Plague killed 2/3 rds of Athenians (Pericles) Athens severely crippled Spartans defeat Athenian navy –Hellespont 29yrs. of war: Athens loses its empire

War brings change Philosophers-lovers of wisdom –Universe controlled by unchanging laws –Understood through logic and reason Power of thought –Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Age of Philosophers Socrates –Examine beliefs –Question and answer approach –“There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance” Plato –Student of Socrates –The Academy Aristotle –Attended the academy –Considered to be the ultimate authority on issues

Empire is Created in Classical Greece King of Macedonia seeks more land –Philip II Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great –Conquers most of known world Antigonid (Greece/Macedon) Ptolemaic (Egypt) Seleucid (Turkey to India) –Hellenistic Culture Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures mix Fall of Empire –Defeat in India –No heirs left behind –Split into 3 parts

Square four Write a power paragraph about what you have learned so far about Greece. This will be read and will be for a grade!!