Click to edit Master subtitle style Chapter 3: Networking Topologies, Connectors and Wiring Standards

Chapter 3: Objectives 1.0 Network architecture 1.5 Install and properly terminate various cable types and connectors using appropriate tools Copper connectors o RJ-11 o RJ-45 o RJ-48C o DB-9/RS-232 o DB-25 o UTP coupler o BNC coupler o BNC o F-connector o 110 block o 66 block 2

Chapter 3: Objectives Copper cables o Shielded vs unshielded o CAT3, CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, CAT6a o PVC vs plenum o RG-59 o RG-6 o Straight-through vs crossover vs rollover Fiber connectors o ST o SC o LC o MTRJ o FC o Fiber coupler 3

Chapter 3: Objectives Fiber cables o Single mode o Multimode o APC vs UPC Media converters o Single mode fiber to Ethernet o Multimode fiber to Ethernet o Fiber to coaxial o Single mode to multimode fiber 4.8 Given a scenario, troubleshoot and resolve common WAN issues Customer premise equipment o Smart jack/NIU o Demarc o CSU/DSU 5.0 Industry standards, practices, and network theory 5.4 Given a scenario, deploy the appropriate wired connectivity standard Wiring standards o EIA/TIA 568A/568B 4

Physical Media 5 Let’s take a look at the three types of popular cables used in modern networking designs: –Coaxial –Twisted pair –Fiber optic

Coax 6 Coaxial cable, referred to as coax, contains a center conductor made of copper that’s surrounded by a plastic jacket with a braided shield over it. A plastic such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC, commonly known as Teflon) covers this metal shield. The Teflon-type covering is frequently referred to as a plenum-rated coating, and it’s often mandated by local or municipal fire code when cable is hidden in walls and ceilings.

Thinnet Coax 7

BNC Connectors 8

Twisted-Pair Cable 9 Twisted-pair cable consists of multiple individually insulated wires that are twisted together in pairs. Sometimes a metallic shield is placed around them; hence the name shielded twisted-pair (STP). Cable without outer shielding is called unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), and it’s used in twisted-pair Ethernet (10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-TX) networks. So why are the wires in this cable type twisted? Because when electromagnetic signals are conducted on copper wires in close proximity—like inside a cable—it causes interference called crosstalk. Twisting two wires together as a pair minimizes interference and even protects against interference from outside sources.

Unshielded Twisted-pair 10 This cable type is the most common today for the following reasons: It’s cheaper than other types of cabling. It’s easy to work with. It allows transmission rates that were impossible 10 years ago. UTP cable is rated in these categories: –Cat1 –Cat2 –Cat3 –Cat4 –Cat5 –Cat5e –cat6

Cat 5e UTP Cable 11

RJ Connectors 12

Chapter 3 The pin-outs in an RJ-45 connector Figure 3.5

Fiber Optic 14 Because fiber-optic cable transmits digital signals using light impulses rather than electricity, it’s immune to EMI and RFI. The cable itself comes in either single- mode fiber (SMF) or multimode fiber (MMF); the difference between them is in the number of light rays (the number of signals) they can carry. Multimode fiber is most often used for shorter- distance applications and single-mode fiber for spanning longer distances.

Fiber Optic 15 Although fiber-optic cable may sound like the solution to many problems, it has pros and cons just like the other cable types. Here are the pros: Is completely immune to EMI and RFI Can transmit up to 40 kilometers (about 25 miles) And here are the cons: Is difficult to install Is more expensive then twisted-pair Troubleshooting equipment is more expensive then twisted-pair test equipment Is harder to troubleshoot

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

ST Connector Examples 18

SC Connector Examples 19

MT-RJ and LC Fiber Connectors 20

Media Converters

Media Converters (Cont.)

Chapter 3 An RS-232 cable end Figure 3.16

Broadband over Power Line

Serial Cables

Universal Serial Bus

Cable Properties Transmission Speeds Distance Duplex Noise Immunity (Security, EMI) Frequency

Wiring Standards 28 There are different types of Ethernet wiring standards available: Straight-through cable (586A) Crossover cable (586B) Rolled cable (rollover) Hardware loopback

Chapter 3 568A wired standard Figure 3.19

Chapter 3 568B wired standard Figure 3.20

Straight-through Ethernet Cable

Crossover Cable

Chapter 3 An inexpensive cable tester Figure 3.23

Gigabit crossover cable Figure 3.24

Rollover/Rolled Cable 35

T1 Crossover Cable 36 T1 crossover cable T568B

Switch c03uf001.eps

Router Console c03uf002.eps

Installing Wiring Distributions 39 MDF/IDF 25 Pair 110 Block Demarc/Demarc Extension Smart Jack

Figure 3.27: 110 block

Summary 41 Summary Exam Essentials Section Written Labs Review Questions