ACHPER NSW PDHPE HSC ENRICHMENT DAY 2016 OPTION-Improving Performance Use of Drugs

Drug use What does the the syllabus say? Students learn about:Students learn to: ∙ use of drugs ∙ the dangers of performance enhancing drug use, eg physical effects, loss of reputation, sponsorship and income ∙ for strength (human growth hormone, anabolic steroids) ∙ for aerobic performance (EPO) ∙ to mask other drugs (diuretics, alcohol) ∙ benefits and limitations of drug testing ∙ justify the reasons drugs are considered to be unethical and carry a range of risks for the athlete ∙ argue issues related to drug testing such as: ∙ at what level of competition shoulddrug testing be introduced? ∙ which drugs should be tested for? ∙ what are the pros and cons of drug testing? ∙ what should be the consequences of drug use? Complete Activity 1

Why do athletes use Performance Enhancing Drugs (P.E.Ds)? Complete Activity 2

1. P.E.D’s for Strength Effects on an athletes PerformanceEffects on an athletes body Increased recruitment of muscle fibres in movement. Vastly reduced recovery time. Increase in muscle hypertrophy Increase in both strength and power. Increase in training session duration and intensity. Glycogen held in storage for later stages of an endurance event (HGH) Reduce recovery time (AS) Liver dysfunction. (AS) Infertility risks.(AS) Increased risk of Heart and CVD. (HGH) Shrinking of testes in males. (AS) Enlarged Internal Organs (HGH) Development of male secondary sex characteristics in females.(AS) Hypertension. (AS) Overgrowth of hands and feet (HGH) Complete Activity 3

Who would use these?? Anabolic Steroids Ben Johnson – 100m Olympics 1998 HGH Terry Newton – GB Rugby League, Olympics 2010 Anabolic Steroids Bulgarian Weight Lifting Team for Rio 2016

2. P.E.D’s for Aerobic Performance Effects on an athletes Performance Effects on an athletes body Allows for greater Red Blood Cell production. Increased oxygen carrying capacity to working muscles. Increased capacity to buffer lactic acid during performance. Thickening of the blood, which can lead to blood clotting within blood vessels. Increased risk of Heart Attacks and Strokes. Weakens the immune system. Anaemia. Complete Activity 4

Who would use these?? EPO Lance Armstrong – Cycling EPO Mariem Alaoui Selsouli – 1500m/3000m

P.E.D’s to mask other drugs Diuretic – Used to dilute urine in order to mask the presence of PED’s. They can also reduce blood pressure Side effects include; dehydration dizziness and possible fainting headache loss of coordination heart and kidney failure. Alcohol – Used to dilute urine as well as acting as a depressant to slow down body functioning. Side Effects include; dizziness and loss of coordination loss of inhibition slowed reactions and slurred speech blurred vision possible aggression vomiting unconsciousness or death if large amounts are taken. Complete Activity 5

Athletes who have been found guilty of taking Diuretics Veronica Campbell Brown – Jamaica, Olympic Gold Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008, London 2012 Bronze. Two year ban Shane Warne– Australian Cricketer. Banned for 12 months Pat Williams– NFL Player. Masking steroid use. Suspended for 4 games 2008.

Ethical issues and P.E.D’s What does it mean to be ethical? “pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct.” Complete Activity 6 How can this be addressed in the use of drugs in sport?

Past HSC Question Evaluate the risks and ethical issues related to the use of drugs to improve performance. (2012 HSC exam, 12 marks) Complete Activity 7

Marking criteria CriteriaMarks Recognises the risk taking and ethical considerations associated with drug use in sport Makes judgments about athletes’ use of drugs from a risk taking AND ethical perspective Communicates ideas and information using relevant examples 11–12 Recognises the risk taking and ethical considerations associated with drug use in sport Provides points for and against the use of drugs by athletes from a risk taking AND ethical perspective Communicates ideas and information using relevant examples 8–10 Recognises the risk taking and ethical considerations associated with drug use in sport Provides characteristics and features of athletes’ drug use from a risk taking AND ethical perspective. Uses relevant examples 5–7 Sketches in general terms risk taking and ethical perspectives of drug use in sport Provides an example 3–4 Provides some relevant information about drugs in sport1–2

Drug Testing - World Anti Doping Procedures

Benefits and limitations of drug testing Complete Activity 8 Benefits Creates a ‘level’ or equal playing field for all athletes worldwide. Randomness of athletes selected. Promotes good health for the athlete. Limitations Athlete education. Athlete location. Injury. Training and playing schedule. Cost. Interruption to athletes schedule. Testing facilities. Testing for all drugs that can improve performance.