JAXA’s Initiative to Accelerate Implementation of the GCOS/GEOSS JAXA

G8 and CEOS, GEOSS G7 and CEOS  CEOS was established in 1984 by recommendation of a Panel of Experts on Remote Sensing from Space, under aegis of G7 G8 and GEOSS  G8 Evian Summit, 2004, agreed to strengthening int’l cooperation on global observations  Three EO Summits in 2004, 2005 and 2006 established GEOSS 10 year IP  G8 Gleneagle Summit, 2006, welcomed the adoption of GEOSS 10 year IP  G8 Heiligendamm Summit, 2007, agreed to exercise leadership for building GEOSS  G8 Toyako Summit, 2008, agreed to accelerate the GEOSS activities in priority areas of climate change and water resource management

G8 Toyako Summit G8 Toyako Summit, July 7-9, agreed: Climate Change “30. To respond to the growing demand for Earth observation data, we will accelerate efforts within the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), which builds on the work of UN specialized agencies and programs, in priority areas, inter alia, climate change and water resources management, by strengthening observation, prediction and data sharing. We also support capacity building for developing countries in earth observations and promote interoperability and linkage with other partners. “ Activities for disaster risk mitigation, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), integrated water resource management were also agreed.

1 st Seminar on Space-based Earth Observations for Climate Change Objectives were:  to discuss international cooperation among US, Japan and Europe in space-based Earth observations for climate change  to promote strategic dialogue to accelerate and strengthen GEOSS More than 150 people from government, congress, embassies, media and academia attended. Held at the National Academy of Sciences Keck Center, Washington DC on April 18, 2008 Organized by JAXA, NASA, NOAA and NAS

1 st Seminar on Space-based Earth Observations for Climate Change (con’d) Highlights Space agencies presented their contributions to climate change monitoring JAXA: proposed acceleration of GEOSS in global observation systems for forest, water cycle, greenhouse gases and disaster NOAA: CEOS response to GEOSS and GCOS incl. CEOS constellations NASA: Decadal Survey Missions ESA: Climate change initiative for ECVs EUMETSAT: GSICS and R/SSC-CM “The panel on future role of space-based Earth observations and international cooperation” discussed long-term data record needs for climate change monitoring and variety of approaches to meet the challenges. Opportunities and benefits of international cooperation were emphasized. GSICS: Global Satellite Inter-Calibration System R/SSC-CM: Regional Specialized Satellite Centers for Climate Monitoring

Asia GCOM Disaster Monitoring satellites ….. Sentinel Asia (JAXA) North/South America EOS NPOESS Decadal Survey Missions ….. SERVIR (NOAA, NASA, DOD) Europe/Africa METOP Sentinels Earth Watch Earth Explore ….. GMES (ESA,EC) CEOS, GCOS Global Forest Monitoring System Proposed Cooperative Actions for Climate Change Climate Change Global warming CO2 emission cooling Vegetation Water vapor Water cycle variability Ocean Rain Aerosol Cloud heating CO2 concentration increasing adsorption Greenhouse Gases Monitoring System Global Disaster Monitoring System Global Water Cycle Monitoring System Concrete global observation systems

2 nd Seminar, Sep 18, 2008 GEOSS Climate SBA and GCOS requirements latest status of space-based observations for climate change seek to identify concrete high-level actions for space agencies to progress GEOSS implementation  CEOS-GEO actions including CEOS virtual constellations  European Climate Initiative proposed by ESA  International cooperation framework for space- based GHG observations proposed by JAXA The panel agreed that GEO play a key role for coordination of space-based Earth observations and support JAXA proposal on the international GHG observation group. Following-up the 1st seminar discussion and G8 Toyako Summit agreement for the acceleration of GEOSS activities, the 2nd seminar discussed:

Forest Carbon Monitoring System CO2 emission by deforestation is 1.6B ton; equally 1/5 of total CO2 emission (8B ton). Especially in tropical rainforest areas covered by cloud COP13 recommended a new accounting method to reduce emission from deforestation & forest degradation (REDD). REDD needs a new accounting system to monitor quantitative CO2 emission SIT22 (Sep 2008) discussed CEOS cooperation for the Forest Carbon Monitoring System October 1996 （ JERS-1) June 2006 (ALOS) Amazon Deforestation using JERS & ALOS (Red: 10yrs deforestation) 100km Global Forest Monitoring System DESDynI (US) Sentinel 1 (Europe) DiMOS (Japan) Radarsat, TerraSAR, etc

Greenhouse Gases Monitoring System Two observatories will be launched early 2009 Simulated CO2 distribution as observed by GOSAT by National Institute for Environmental Studies GOSAT by Japan OCO by U.S.A Moderate resolution inverse model estimation of the 64 regional monthly fluxes for by S. Maksyutov et al. Greenhouse Gases Monitoring System ASCENDS (US) A-SCOPE (Europe) GOSAT F/O (Japan)

International Cooperation Group for Greenhouse Gas Observations from Space (ICGGO-Space) GEOSS/COP Highlight the observational requests for improving the understanding the global carbon cycle Data use plans Next space missions Mission requirement NASAESAJAXA Satellite data ＧＥＯ ＧＥＯＳＳ Users NOAA > Data use promotion Next carbon space mission generation > Data provider: NOAA,NASA,ESA,JAXA,… User representatives: GEOSS/COP, ECMWF, WMO, NOAA, … Joint Secretariat Strategy advice Ｔｈｅｍｅ ｒｅｐｏｒｔ Ｖｅｒ．２ OCO GOSAT IASI SCHIAMACHY ＧＥＯ ｕｓｅｒｓ ICGGO CEOS-ACC

Global Water Cycle Monitoring System Global Precipitation Map every 3 hours GPM Core Satellite Dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) Microwave radiometer (GMI) Precipitation with high precision Discrimination between rain and snow Constellation Satellites Microwave radiometer Global precipitation every 3 hours US and Japan will launch in 2013 International cooperation (US, Europe, Japan, India, and others) will be achieved around 2013 Regional WRM Programs - Tiger - AWCI - SERVIR

SOS! Disaster Authority Feed Back UNOOSA UN-SPIDER End user SOS! New Agency JAXA ISRO Disaster Authority End user Feed Back Bangkok APRSAFCommunity Workshop Sentinel Asia Disaster Charter GISTDA SA System Promotion Promotion We are happy if Sentinel Asia will be followed in Europe or Africa, etc..... Global Disaster Monitoring System

Summary G8 Toyako Summit agreed on acceleration of GEOSS activities which provide a solid basis for CEOS activities in support of GEOSS. CEOS Agencies should consider high level actions in response to G8 Summit agreement such as REDD, integrated water resource management. CEOS Agencies should consider reporting back to G8 via GEO. JAXA is going to contribute to acceleration of GEOSS activities with its Earth observation satellite programs, such as ALOS, GCOM, GOSAT GPM/DPR and their associated projects including Sentinel Asia, AWCI.. Proposed international cooperation group on greenhouse gas observation from space has a great potential to contribute to CEOS Atmospheric Composition constellation and the GEOSS Global Carbon Community of Practice, thereby contributing to acceleration of GEOSS.

Reaching for the skies and exploring space