Human Sexuality Male & Female Anatomy

What determines a person’s sex? A person's genetic composition (genome) is established at conception. Humans normally have 46 chromosomes, occurring as 23 pairs. Chromosomes are cells structures that carry DNA or genes.

Chromosomes x & y Each pair consists of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father. Sex chromosomes are called x or y.

Male or Female For a child to be female, she must inherit an X chromosome from each parent (XX). For a child to be male, he must inherit an X chromosome from his mother and a Y chromosome from his father (XY).

Male Reproductive System Includes both external and internal organs that, with the help of hormones, allow physically mature males to produce children

Testes The testes are two egg-shaped male glands located in the scrotum They produce sperm – the male gametes, reproductive cell and the male hormone – testosterone Scrotum - an external skin sac

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Sperm

Epididymitis – comma shaped organ that arches over the testis Accumulation of immobile sperm Maturation – mobile sperm Phlegem secret Ductus deferents - also called vas deferens thick-walled tube that transports sperm cells from the epididymis, where the sperm are stored prior to ejaculation

Seminal vesicles sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy to help them move Ejaculatory ducts are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra

Prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate Prostate fluids also help to nourish the sperm Cowper’s gland pea-sized structures located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra

Penis is the male organ used in sexual intercourse Consists of tached root, body, ends in a enlarged tip – glans penis Prepuce = foreskin Erectile tissue - contains thousands of large spaces that fill with blood when the man is sexually aroused

Female Reproductive System produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction

External structures of the female reproductive system Labia majora enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs contain sweat and oil-secreting glands After puberty, they are covered with hair Labia minora surround the openings to the vagina and urethra

The external structures of the female reproductive system Bartholin's glands are located beside the vaginal opening and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion Clitoris a small, sensitive protrusion that is comparable to the penis in males is very sensitive to stimulation and can become erect Hymen – circular fold of skin at the entrace to vagina

The internal reproductive organs in the female

Vagina is a canal that joins the cervix is known as the birth canal Uterus (womb) pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing fetus

The internal reproductive organs in the female Ovaries oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus produce eggs and hormones Fallopian tubes are narrow tubes serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus

Menstruation cycles of hormonal activity that repeat at about one-month intervals every cycle, a woman's body prepares for a potential pregnancy The average menstrual cycle takes about 28 days and occurs in phases: menstruation the follicular phase the ovulatory phase (ovulation) and the luteal phase.

Menstruation The peeling of the uterus and small amount of blood

Follicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle starts on the first day of your period the production of the female hormone estrogen the lining of the uterus thickens Growing up of ova in folicullum

Ovulatory Phase of the Menstrual Cycle starts about 14 days after the follicular phase started the egg is released from the ovary the cervix produces mucous mucus helps to nourish the man's sperm and to move towards the egg for fertilization

Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle Once it releases its egg, the empty follicle develops into a new structure called the corpus luteum – produce hormone progesterone if the egg is not fertilized, it passes through the uterus the fertilized egg (embryo) will implant in the uterus

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