Control and Reproduction CHAPTER the BIG idea CHAPTER OUTLINE The nervous and endocrine systems allow the body to respond to internal and external conditions. The nervous system responds and controls. 4.1 The endocrine system helps regulate body conditions. 4.2 The reproductive system allows the production of offspring. 4.3 NEW CHAPTER

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 4.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE The nervous system responds and controls. central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system The nervous system connects the body with its environment using five senses: sight, touch, hearing, smell, and taste. The central nervous system includes the brain, the control center, and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes the autonomic and voluntary systems

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Something that causes a response in an organism or a part of the body. stimulus 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The nervous system responds and controls. central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system communicates with the rest of the nervous system through electrical signals sent to and from neurons. central nervous system 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The nervous system responds and controls. central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A nerve cell. neuron 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The nervous system responds and controls. central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The part of the nervous system that lies outside the brain and spinal cord. peripheral nervous system 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The nervous system responds and controls. central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary action and responses. autonomic nervous system 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The nervous system responds and controls. central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The nerves that govern consciously controlled function and movement. voluntary nervous system 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The nervous system responds and controls. central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The endocrine system helps regulate conditions inside the body. 4.2 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE hormone endocrine system gland The body has chemical messengers called hormones that are regulated by the endocrine system. Glands produce and release hormones.The endocrine system includes feedback systems that maintain homeostasis. Thyroxine hormone level is low. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland increase thyroid gland activity. Thyroxine hormone level is high. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland decrease thyroid gland activity.

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A group of organs called glands and the hormones they produce that help regulate conditions inside the body. endocrine system 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The endocrine system helps regulate conditions inside the body. hormone endocrine system gland

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A chemical that is made in one organ and travels through the blood to another organ. hormone 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The endocrine system helps regulate conditions inside the body. hormone endocrine system gland

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME An organ in the body that produces a specific substance, such as a hormone. gland 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The endocrine system helps regulate conditions inside the body. hormone endocrine system gland

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 4.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE The reproductive system allows the body to produce offspring. The female produces eggs, and the male produces sperm. Following fertilization the egg develops over a period of about nine months. menstruation fertilization embryo fetus

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A period of about five days during which blood and tissue exit the body through the vagina. menstruation 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The reproductive system allows the body to produce offspring. menstruation fertilization embryo fetus

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Part of the process of sexual reproduction in which a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell combine to make a new cell that can develop into a new organism. fertilization 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The reproductive system allows the body to produce offspring. menstruation fertilization embryo fetus

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A multicellular organism, plant or animal, in its earliest stages of development. embryo 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The reproductive system allows the body to produce offspring. menstruation fertilization embryo fetus

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The developing human embryo from eight weeks to birth. fetus 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The reproductive system allows the body to produce offspring. menstruation fertilization embryo fetus

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. The nervous system responds and controls. A. Senses connect the human body to its environment. 4.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The nervous system responds and controls. 4. Smell 5. Taste 1. Brain B. The central nervous system controls functions. 2. Spinal Cord central nervous system stimulus neuron peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system voluntary nervous system 1. Sight 2. Hearing 3. Touch C. The peripheral nervous system is a network of nerves.

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. The endocrine system helps regulate conditions inside the body. B. Glands produce and release hormones. 4.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY A. Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers. The endocrine system helps regulate conditions inside the body. hormone endocrine system gland C. Control of the endocrine system includes feedback mechanisms. 1. Negative Feedback 2. Positive Feedback 3. Balanced Hormone Action 4. Hormone Imbalance

VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. The reproductive system allows the body to produce offspring. A. The reproductive system produces specialized cells. 2. Menstruation 4.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The reproductive system allows the body to produce offspring. 3. The Male Reproductive System B. The reproduction of offspring includes fertilization, pregnancy, and birth. menstruation fertilization embryo fetus 1. The Female Reproductive System 2. Pregnancy 3. Labor and Delivery 1. Fertilization 4. Multiple Births