Veterinary Neuroanatomy Location is everything!!!

Divisions of the Nervous System b Cerebrum b Brainstem Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon b Cerebellum b Spinal Cord b Peripheral (and cranial) nerves

Lobes of the Cerebrum b Frontal b Parietal b Temporal b Occipital

Cerebral Functions b Frontal Lobe

Cerebral Functions b Frontal Lobe

b Parietal lobe Cerebral Functions

b Parietal lobe

b Occipital lobe Cerebral Functions

b Occipital lobe

b Temporal lobe Cerebral Functions

b Temporal lobe Cerebral Functions

Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways b Gray Matter Contains neurons b White Matter Contains axons

b Dorsal Columns conscious proprioception Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

b Spinocerebellar system unconscious proprioception Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

b Spinoreticulothalamic tract pain, touch & temperature Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

b Dorsal lateral tracts the kitchen sink Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

b Corticospinal and Rubrospinal tracts fine digital movements Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

b Lateral Reticulospinal tract UMN control system inhibitory Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

b Medial Reticulospinal tract UMN control system facilitory Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

b Vestibulospinal tract weight bearing Spinal Cord Anatomy & Pathways

Peripheral Nerves b Cranial & Somatic nerves GSA GSE GVA GVE SSA SSE b Carry information to and from CNS

Neuromuscular Junction b Link between the nervous system and muscle b Action allows skeletal muscle to contract and maintain motor tone b Acetylcholine in the neurotransmitter

Localization of Lesions b Where are the neurologic signs? b Is the condition diffuse or focal? b Is it symmetrical or asymmetrical?

b Changes in Behavior Motor Visual Sensory Emotional Localization of Lesions b Seizures

b CN deficits b Long-Tract signs Localization of Lesions

b Intention tremors b Dysmetria b Incoordination of learned motor tasks Localization of Lesions

b Quadriparesis or Quadriplegia b UMN signs to all 4 legs b Neck pain Localization of Lesions

b Quadriparesis or Quadriplegia b Foreleg signs equal or worse than rear leg signs Root signature Varying degrees of LMN dysfunction in forelegs Localization of Lesions

b Paresis or Paraplegia b UMN signs to rear legs b Back pain Localization of Lesions

b Paresis or Paraplegia b LMN signs in rear legs Localization of Lesions

b Minimal Paresis b LMN signs to tail, anus and bladder Localization of Lesions

b Quadriparesis b Diffuse LMN signs Localization of Lesions

b Monoplegia b LMN signs in distribution of nerve b Motor and sensory deficits have same distribution Localization of Lesions