Chapter 25 Emetics and Antiemetics. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 25 - 2 Emetics Agents.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 25 Emetics and Antiemetics

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Emetics Agents that induce vomiting  Used in overdoses Example  Ipecac syrup Inappropriate use  Clients with bulimia

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Antiemetics Five categories of antiemetics 1. Anticholinergics 2. Antihistamines 3. Neuroleptic agents 4. Prokinetic agents 5. Serotonin blockers

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Anticholinergics and Antihistamines Anticholinergics  Bind to and block acetylcholine receptors  Prevent nausea stimuli from being transmitted Antihistamines  Block H 2 receptors  Prevent cholinergic stimulation

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Neuroleptic and Prokinetic Agents Neuroleptic agents  Bind to the dopamine receptors and block action  Limit dopamine activity Prokinetic agents  Block dopamine  Stimulate acetylcholine to increase gastric emptying

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Serotonin Blockers Block serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract Block serotonin receptors in the central nervous system (emetic center)  Used often when antineoplastic agents are being given

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Anticholinergics and Antihistamines Anticholinergics  Scopolamine (Trans Scop) Antihistamines  Promethazine (Phenergan)  Meclizine (Antivert)

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Emetics and Antiemetics Neuroleptic agents  Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Prokinetic agents  Metoclopramide (Reglan) Serotonin blockers  Ondansetron (Zofran)

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Side Effects and Adverse Effects General  Dizziness  Drowsiness  Dry mouth  Headache

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Nursing Process Assessment  Thorough history and physical Plan  Use proper route Implementation  Safely administer medication Evaluation  Are the nausea and vomiting gone?