Objective 6 Test Friday October 30 th will cover notes from now to Thursday October 29 th.

COS Objective 6 Define solution in terms of solute and solvent. Define diffusion and osmosis Define isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Describing acids and bases based on their hydrogen ion concentration

Mixtures and compounds MixtureCompound Made of elements, compounds or both.Made of elements. No change in original properties of components. Change in original properties of components. Separated by physical means.Separated by chemical means. Formed using any ratio of components.Formed using a set ratio of components.

Separating mixtures (physical methods.) There are three common ways to separate mixtures if you can’t just pick them out. 1. Distillation- a process that separates a mixture based on the boiling point. (ex) water and saltwater 2. Magnet- can be used to separate a mixture of the elements iron and saltwater. 3. Centrifuge- it separates the components of the blood by the densities of the components.

A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance. A solution is composed of particles of 2 or more substances that are distributed evenly among each other. When particles of substances separate and spread evenly throughout a mixture is called dissolving. In solutions, the solute is the substance that dissolves. The solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved in.

Example : Salt water- solution Salt- solute water- solvent

Examples of solutions. Solutions can be solids, gases, or liquids. Steel is an example of a solid solution. Alloys are solid solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in metals- (ex) steel is an alloy made of the nonmetal carbon and other elements dissolved in iron.

Particles in solutions. Particles in solutions are so small that they never settle out. They also can’t be removed by filtering. The particles are so small that they don’t scatter light.

Several things affect how fast a solid will dissolve. -(ex) three examples are: 1.Mixing 2.Heating 3.Crushing

Concentration

Solubility is the ability of solute to dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature. When temperature rises usually solids are more soluble in liquids. Gases become less soluble at high temperatures.

Dissolving gas Example Of a dissolving gas in a liquid is when a soft drink goes flat faster when warm then when it’s cold

Some mixtures have properties between those of solutions and suspensions, these are called colloids. A colloid is a mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout a substance, but are not heavy enough to settle out. Particles in a colloid are much smaller particles in a suspension, but they are large enough to scatter light.

A suspension is a mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas, but are large enough to settle out. Particles in a suspension are large enough to scatter or block light. A suspension can be separated by passing it through a filter.