Brief Response What issues do the developing nations face? Globalization Women’s rights Health access and issues Population control Education Economic independence

Developing Africa: Seeking a better Future p. 608

African nations’ challenges to develop their economies (5) Debt (to the rich, banking nations) Lack of capital/investment Civil war Disease Urbanization Population growth Environmental problems Foreign investment

Foreign Companies Own Africa’s Riches Petroleum Diamonds Uranium Water Gold Bauxite Cash crops

EC: Obstacles to African nations’ development or strong economies (2) They need capital to invest in development – Banks are reluctant to loan to unstable nations Have had to borrow capital from foreign banks and corporations

Socialism: Using government to control or own a country’s capital for the benefit of citizens. Weakness of socialism Creates large bureaucracies – Inefficient – corrupt

EC: Other failed socialist programs, Explain (3) Controlling prices – Low prices made farmers raise cash crops instead Decreased food supply – Government had to subsidize (buy) food supply by importing food.

Desertification: Drought or overgrazing causes loss of plant life. Fertile soil blows away, leaving useless land

Urbanization: Movement of people to cities.

Endangered species: An animal or plant that biologists feel will become extinct unless it is helped by people. – Reduce use, fishing, hunting…. – Protect environment

Wangari Maathai— Kenyan woman who began a tree planting project in her country. Reforestation has become popular and is saving many endangered areas. She won the Nobel Peace Price for her activism and continues today.continues today She passed away in 2011.

Sustainable development economic change that promotes the growth of wealth while protecting human and natural resources.

EC: Tanzania—a case study Why “African socialism” failed (4) Farmers would not leave their land for collective farms Farm output did not rise The government became inefficient/corrupt Cost of government contributed to Tanzania’s rising debt

Tanzania today 90% agricultural EC: Tanzania’s lucky resource: ____ – Gold mine

End homework Begin class work

Capitalism is preferred in Africa: EC: Allowing the “free market” (2) – buyers and sellers freedom to set prices and supplies/service produced EC: Weakness of capitalism (4) – Successful get very rich – Foreign owners and investors take money out of the country. – Many live in poverty – Equality based on wealth

Cash crops: Agricultural products raised to sell as a resource, – usually not a food crops Quandary caused by cash crops (list some (7)) – Coffee – Cotton – tea, – cocoa, – fruit – Rubber – Jatropha curcas (for biofuel production) Jatropha curcas Only so much land – Grow more cash crops you have less land for food crops – People have to buy costly imported food Many countries depend on export income from only one crop. – Successful countries have many exports to rely on.

Standards Check, p. 609: Question: To increase national income and fund development

Drought: Lack of rain causes crops and livestock to die off

HIV/AIDS EC: ________________ (AIDS): Disease passed through exchange of bodily fluids. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome It prevents the body from defending itself from bacteria and viruses. HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS Southeastern Africa has the highest HIV/AIDS rate in the world. – Millions die yearly – Many children are born with it – Many children are orphaned because of it – Most Africans cannot afford the expensive treatments and drugs controlled by Western pharmaceutical companies. – African traditions make sex education and prevention difficult to teach.

Image, p. 609 Question: People can be forced to migrate because of drought and other natural disasters.

Endangered species: EC: Animal (fauna) (9) Gorilla Rhinoceros African Elephant Leopard Antelope Lion Giraffe Python Crocodile Water Buffalo What is killing them? – Game hunting – Global demand for skins and body parts Who is poaching (Illegal killing of animals)? – Local poachers paid per killed animal – Locals for food (not necessarily illegal) Plant (flora) Forests destroyed for lumber Plants and trees removed to make farmland or more room for urbanization

Thinking Critically 1 As their habitats have been disrupted and shrunk, many forest species have become endangered. 2 By making the wildlife a source of jobs, and therefore worth more to local people alive than dead.

Standards Check, p. 610 Positive effects More women entrepreneurs Cultural diversity More markets Negative Effects it puts pressure on public services Poor countries lack money to extend these services to so many new people Undermines ethnic ties Undermines kinship (family) ties Cause loss of traditions

EC: Why Hunger and Thirst in Africa? (4) Overpopulation on poor lands Drought Civil war Dependence on cash crops (coffee, cotton, cocoa, and rubber.)coffeecotton cocoarubber – Western corporations buy up rights to water sources Failed socialist economies

Biography, p. 611: Question: It gives them jobs and helps them replace the trees they cut down for fuel, – Giving them more trees for fuel in the future

Standards Check, p. 611 Question: 1.African socialism 2.collective farming to increase output and sell surplus crops

Brief Response How have African nations met with success in developing?