“ The Cradle of Civilization ” Madison Perry & Elizabeth Troy.

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Presentation transcript:

“ The Cradle of Civilization ” Madison Perry & Elizabeth Troy

What is it? “Fertile Crescent is regarded as the birthplace of agriculture, urbanization, writing, trade, science, history, and organized religions.” A region in the Middle East that curves (hence crescent) through southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and northern Egypt.

Irrigation ★ Irrigation wasn’t the sole source of water used for farming. ★ Many harvest were destroyed due to drought or flooding thus came irrigation ★ Irrigation existed and was mainly used in drier areas alongside the plow

Positive: The floods always left behind rich soil for farming Negative: Flooding was/is very unpredictable and destructive to crops, livestock, homes, etc. Floods

Farming ★ Main agriculture grains were wheat, barley, millet, and emmer ★ Barley was widely used as a form of payment & to make flatbread ★ Beer and luxury foods were made from wheat & emmer ★ Sesame, flax, peas, lentils, figs, pomegranate, apples, pistachios were also produced. Farming

Geography Northern Crescent ★ Hills, plains, mountains ★ Very fertile due to streams flowing through mountains ★ Offered supplies such as timber, metals, stone Southern Crescent ★ Wide, flat, barren plains ★ Lack of natural resources is where trading came into effect.

Mesopotamia Several different empires existed in Mesopotamia and are often study together based on their similarities and location. Greek for “land between rivers,” Mesopotamia was an ancient region centered between the Tigris and Euphrates river in modern day Iraq

Society ★ 3200 BC: Sumerian ○ System of writing: cuneiform ○ Built temples: Ziggurats ★ 2300 BC: Akkadians ★ 1750 BC: Babylonian ○ Hammurabi’s Code ★ 650 BC: Assyrian ○ Epic of Gilgamesh ★ 600 BC: Chaldean ○ Hanging Gardens of Babylon ★ 550 BC: Phoenician ○ Oldest verified alphabet

Government ★ Although cuneiform was previously invented the first known recorded/written law code wasn’t until 1750 BC ★ One of the most memorable law codes was Hammurabi’s Code. ★ High nobles and priests helped advise the Kings. ★ Separate city-states often adopted the same laws ★ The Assyrians had military police in control of local government

Religion ★ To keep the “forces of chaos” away the people of Mesopotamia performed daily rituals ○ Proper funeral practices, civic duties, honor elders, treat people with respect, and to honor the Gods through their daily jobs The Mesopotamian people believed their world started with a battle between their Gods and the “forces of chaos”

Citations civilizations/lyric-notes/