ENERGY SOURCES IN POLAND PRESENTATION PREPARED BY THE STUDENTS OF GIMNAZJUM No 3 IN TARNOBRZEG JANUARY 2011

MAP OF POLAND

POLAND – some statistics Location – Central Europe on the Baltic Sea Population – 38,1 mln ( sixth largest country in EU ) Area – km2 ( sixth largest country in EU )

The energy sector in Poland is still dominated by the hard coal and lignite industries which provide most of the country's energy needs. At the last years the share of the other energy sources (peat, fuel wood, solid waste fuels, hydro energy, etc) has been growing slowly though still does not exceed 5% of total primary energy consumption. The new energy sources such as wind power and biogas are appearing among the renewable energy sources. Poland is relatively self- sufficient with indigenous energy sources (mainly coal) to cover its demand for heat and power.

COAL AND LIGNITE Coal has a dominant role in Polish energy supply. The production has been falling slowly over the last decade.

The production of natural gas covers approximately one third of the gas needs in Poland. Supplies come primarly from Russia, CIS countries and Germany. NATURAL GAS

OIL Poland has to import 95% of its needs and has a small amount of oil on its own territory. Poland produses 90% of its requirements on oil products

Electricity production in Poland by energy carriers ( 2008 )

Energy consumption in different economy branches in Poland

Energy consumption in industry in Poland

Energy consumption in commercial and public services in Poland

Energy consumption in Polish housholds

The average structure of energy used in apartment buildings in Poland

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN POLAND Currently, renewable energy sources (RES) in Poland contribute to approximately 7% of Poland’s primary energy supply, around 91% of which comes from biomass with another 4.1% coming from hydropower. Other RES make up approximately 5% of Poland’s clean energy sources (source: The most significant growth in renewable energy sources in the near future are expected to be in solar energy, wind power, biomass and biogas. Further down the line, it would seem that geothermal energy also has significant potential as technological innovations continue.

Structure of renewable energy sources in Poland (2007)

Energy from RES is used in Poland in:

BIOMASS BIOMASS Biomass is regarded as the most abundant source of renewable energy in Poland. It`s so cheap to use that it can compete with fossil fuels. Solid biomass resources are currently based on surpluses of straw nad hay, woodchip, energy crops and farm waste. Biomass is chiefly used for the production of thermal energy.

BIOMASS SUPPLIES IN POLAND

BIOGAS Biogas obtained from fermentation process can be used for electrical and thermal energy production, as a vehicle fuel and can be transmitted to gas network. Poland can produce 5-6 billion m3 of biogas per year.

SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy in Poland depends on the region (map ). Annual sunshine on Polish territory averages hours but timing is very uneven – approximately 80% of the total annual amount of solar radiation occurs in spring and summer ( April – September ). The time of operation in summer is extended to 16h/day while in winter is reduced to 8h/day.

SUN RADIATION AND OPERATION ON POLISH TERRITORY

SOLAR PANELS/COLLECTORS Solar energy in Poland is most practically used to heat water, mainly by means of flat plate solar collectors. Liquid collectors are used to heat water for houses, cabins, sport facilities.

PHOTOVOLTAICS Due to lack of incentive structures for energy generated by Photo Voltaic installations (PV), up to now solar energy generation has been practically limited to solar thermal installations for hot water and heating support in Poland. If Polish government decide to introduce such incentives a dynamic growth in investment in PV installations can be expected.

HYDROENERGY Hydroelectricity has a long tradition in Poland, however due in part to limited water resources in the country, this source of RES has significantly less potential for growth compared to other sources. There are 12 large hydro- electric power stations in Poland however; the majority of present and potential capacity comes from small hydro-electric installations many of which would need to be modernised to reach their full potential.

HYDRO POWER PLANTS IN POLAND

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN POLAND Geothermal sources – Poland has very good geothermal springs but production of this energy may cause polluting depth waters with harmful gases. Additionally, costs of drilling and installations are still very high because geothermal waters are too deep so working cost would be huge. It`s no sense to explore them as it`s not profitable. The warmth is stored in water. The deposits of geothermal steams are found in areas of current or recent volcanic activity. The temperature of water in 1 km depth is C.

TEMPERATURES IN THE EARTH

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES IN POLAND

WIND ENERGY Poland is still far behind many EU countries in terms of wind energy. However, the country has very good wind conditions ( map )and is one of the most promising wind energy markets in Europe with similar wind conditions to Germany or Denmark. The best wind conditions in Poland are on the shore. Offshore wind farms are far more expensive. 22 large wind farms currently operate in Poland ( map ), and there are also single turbines or clusters of small turbines spread across the country. In 2008 the share of wind energy in electricity produced from RES amounted to 13 %.

Wind conditions and the large wind farms in Poland

NUCLEAR ENERGY IN POLAND Poland is the only large European Union member state without its own nuclear power plant. There are more than 400 nuclear power plants around the world, most of them,151, are located in Europe. In countries like France, Great Britain, Germany and Spain, nuclear energy is an important component of the energy mix. Poland could have built a nuclear power plant in Zarnowiec city 20 years ago, but it didn`t succeed due to ecologists` protests.

Fuel and energy demand in Poland in 2030 ( forecast )

LET`S SAVE ENERGY

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION