THE AMERICAN COLONIES EMERGE CHAPTER 2: SECTION 2, 3 AND 4

AN ENGLISH SETTLEMENT AT JAMESTOWN Jamestown was the 1 st permanent settlement of the English Colonies. Jamestown began as a business venture with investors pooling their money together in joint-stock companies. In 1606, King James I granted a charter to Virginia Company.

DISASTROUS START The first colonists had their mind on their money and money on their mind. Disease from contaminated water followed by hunger led to many deaths. April, 1607 there were 150 colonists aboard the Susan Constant, Discovery and Godspeed. By the winter of 1607, 38 colonists were left. John Smith… “ You must now obey this law… he that will not work shall not eat.” Powhatan provided food John Smith returned to England after a bad gunpowder accident.

DISASTROUS START (CONT’D) Spring, 1609, 600 more colonists arrive. By following winter, 60 remained. “Starving Time” The 60 that were left chose to abandon but were met by more colonists from England who convinced them to stay.

JAMESTOWN BEGINS TO FLOURISH Tobacco “Brown Gold” saves the day! John Rolfe engineers a tobacco that was highly desired by England! The headright system was used to lure settlers to Jamestown with the provision of huge land grants. Indentured servants provided temporary labor. 1619, the first African laborers arrive as indentured servants. It would be several decades before English colonists in North America began using Africans as slaves.

WHY DELAY IN SLAVE LABOR USE? Indentured Servants were cheaper. Decrease in indentured servants plus the increase in wealth led to slaves being imported. Indentured servant life was harsh but a slaves life was worse.

SETTLER’S CLASH WITH NATIVE AMERICANS Settler’s demand for land led to tension with Native Americans. The Native Americans were “like the wild Irish” to the English. The English demanded tributes of corn, burned Powhatan villages, kidnapped children. Pocahontas Powhatan raiding parties attack colonial villages killing more than 340 colonists. Troops and supplies nearly corrupt the Virginia Company. James the I revokes charter making it a Royal Colony. By 1644, nearly 10,000 English men and women lived in Virginia.

ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES SPLIT VIRGINIA Indentured servants who had completed servitude were given the land in the back country, if they had any land at all, faced frequent Native American attacks. Unfair taxing and lack of protection from the governor of Virginia, William Berkley, led to Bacon’s Rebellion.

PURITAN NEW ENGLAND New England, unlike the profit minded Jamestown, emigrated to create a model society. The first governor, John Winthrop, called the colony a “City upon a Hill”. 1620, the 2 nd permanent English settlement, Plymouth, was founded by separatist Puritans called Pilgrims to escape religious persecution from the Anglican Church.

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY 1629, John Winthrop and friends obtained a royal charter for a joint- stock enterprise the Massachusetts Bay Company transferring both the charter and the company’s headquarters to New England ensuring independent government. Attracted a large number of organized settlers. Political power was spread more broadly than in England. All adult males who belonged to the Puritan Church could vote. Church and state were intertwined! Family was very important.

DISSENT IN THE PURITAN COMMUNITY Roger Williams (1636) was anti religion and felt the colonists had no claim to the land and the government had not business punishing for religious beliefs. Fled to Narrangansett Bay, negotiated with local tribe for land, guaranteed separation of church and state. Founded the a new colony called Providence, later the capital of Rhode Island.

DISSENT IN THE PURITAN COMMUNITY (CONT’D) Anne Hutchison (1638): In Bible studies in her home, she taught that only the Holy Spirit was needed to interpret the Bible. After a brutal trial, she was banished by Puritan leaders. She and her followers go to Rhode Island.

HALFWAY COVENANT (1662)

NATIVE AMERICANS RESIST COLONIAL EXPANSION Disputes over land Pequot War (1637): in Connecticut- Narragansett and English colonies massacre the Pequot. King Philip’s War (1675): led by Wompanoag chief Metacom, called King Philip by the English, who was tired of English restrictions. Both sides experienced many casualties. Metacom’s head was on display in Plymouth for 20 years.

SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES In 1621, the Dutch government granted the Dutch West India Company permission to colonize New Netherland and expand the fur trade. 1625, New Amsterdam (Now New York City) became the capital. 1655, the Dutch take over New Sweden, their fur trade rivals. Very culturally diverse. By 1660’s, one fifth of population was of African ancestry. Considered a wedge between the New England and Southern colonies. Overtaken by the English without a fight. Renamed New York as James, the Duke of York, led the capture. Gave land to two friends that named the new territory New Jersey.

THE QUAKERS SETTLE PENNSYLVANIA William Penn’s Holy Experiment Quakers- “Inner light” burned inside of everyone. Dressed plainly and pacifist Harassed by Anglicans and Puritans No landowning aristocracy, every adult male 50 acres of land and right to vote, representative government and freedom of religion, Native Americans treated with respect. Philadelphia- the City of “Brotherly Love”

PENNSYLVANIA In order to thrive, needed to attract settlers. Advertisements were printed in Dutch, German, and French. Germans brought farming techniques that helped the colony flourish known as the Pennsylvania Dutch (Deutsch). Quakers become the minority.

OTHER COLONIES 13 English colonies will be founded throughout the 1600s and 1700s… all for very different reasons. Maryland was founded as refuge for Catholics. Maryland Toleration Act granted freedom of worship to all of any Christian sect. Georgia was founded as a place to send England’s debtors.