Crime Prevention Part I CONCEPTS of SECURITY ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009) Institute for Criminal Justice Studies

Learning Objectives Learning Objective(s): The student will be able to explain basic concepts of security. Learning Objective(s): The student will be able to identify and explain basic security barriers. Learning Objective(s): The student will be able to identify the three lines of defense; Perimeter, Exterior and Interior. Learning Objective(s): The student will be able to write at least three (3) examples of security barriers for each of the three lines of defense. Learning Objective(s): the student will be able to identify weaknesses and make recommendations to improve the security on each line of defense. Learning Objective(s): the student will be able to identify landscaping security requirement. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Learning Objectives Learning Objective(s): the student will be able to identify the types of fences and how a fence should be installed. Learning Objective(s): The student will be able to identify, define and explain: risk management, dynamic risk, pure risk, risk reduction, risk elimination, risk spreading and risk acceptance. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Anything made by man can be defeated by man. Low level: home or small business. Highlevel High level: nuclear power plant, military installations and some prisons. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security continued psychological The concept of security is as much psychological as it is physical. Example is there any physical obstacle presented by security lighting or is it a psychological deterrence? ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security continued Cost - effectiveness is one of the most difficult concepts of security. cost value Does the cost of protecting it outweigh its value? ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

CONCEPTS of SECURITY (Continued) Put yourself mentally in the role of the actor (Thief - Perpetrator)! accessibilityvulnerability Test accessibility and vulnerability Draw on your experience and knowledge of local conditions and MO’s Consider the total environment. Pay attention to detail. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

QUESTION? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR YOU TO PUT YOURSELF IN THE MIND OF A CROOK? ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

CONCEPTS of SECURITY (Continued) SECURITY BARRIERS: Defined as: Anything that restrains or obstructs passage. Restrain: to hold back from action Obstruct: to make difficult or oppose passage. Security measures are taken to reduce losses to criminal acts.

Three Lines of Defense devices Dozens of security devices and procedures may be placed to reduce losses caused by crime. measures To discuss these measures systematically we present them within the context of the three lines of defense. They are: ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

CONCEPTS of SECURITY THREE LINES OF DEFENSE: P PP Perimeter B BB Building Exterior B BB Building Interior Perimeter barriers will not provide complete protection for a building.

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers physical Perimeter barriers define the outside perimeter of a site and are designed for physical and psychological deterrence. Perimeter barriers will not provide complete protection a for a building. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers Barrier considerations: 1.Maintenance is important to any barrier. 2.Channel personnel and vehicles. 3.Must not obstruct visibility. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Fences chain link fence Many people think of the traditional chain link fence with barbed wire strands at the top when they think physical perimeter barrier. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Fences psychological A definite psychological barrier as well as physical; consequently a person may react emotionally when discussing need for physical barrier to be improved or upgraded. appearance Options as far as general nature and appearance of fencing. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Fences Considerations: barriers blend Where appearance is a factor – other barriers can have same effect of wire fencing, yet blend better with overall appearance of facility. detract Fencing that will add and not detract from appearance. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Fences securitysurveys least cost When conducting security surveys most situations call for a recommend - dations that provide maximum protection at the least cost. Because of it’s relative low cost per running foot and the security it provides, a chain link fence is a common recommendation. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Types of Fences Iron Privacy Wire mesh Rock or Stone Rail fence Ornamental Iron Welded wire Barb wire Aluminum Vinyl Galvanized Chain Link Bamboo Expanded metal ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Fences Guidelines for use and installation: straight Design the fence as straight as possible. 8 Distance between line post should not exceed 8 feet. Fill post holes with concrete ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Min. # 9 gauge wire with opening 2 in. or less Always fill all holes with concrete Eight (8) feet between line post ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

cornerbrace Terminal post are placed at the corner and brace end of fences and to support gates. eight (8) four (4) Brace end, corner and gate post if fabric is over eight (8) feet, or less than four (4) feet and no top rail is used. bracing post When bracing is required, brace diagonally to the nearest line post. Guidelines for use and installation - continued: ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Guidelines for use and installation - continued: 24 Dig post holes a minimum of 24 inches deep for 4-foot fences, plus an additional 3-inches in depth for each added foot in fence height. 12 A center rail is required if fabric is over 12 feet in height. 11 two (2) Use number 11 gauge or heavier fabric (mesh) with opening no larger than two (2) inches. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Guidelines for use and installation - continued: two (2) Install fabric (mesh) to within two (2) inches of solid ground. Install below ground level in sandy soil. Fabric should be twisted and barbed at top and bottom. penned If there is a top rail attach fabric with ties of number 9-gauge wire or clips with penned bolts. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Guidelines for use and installation - continued: top Extend mesh above top rail. metal If there is no top rail, stretch a metal wire and fasten to top one foot of fabric. topguard barbedwire Install a top guard (over hang) of barbed wire along the top, usually at a 45 degree angle. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Don’t forget the 3 strands of barbed wire at 45 degree angle ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Landscaping thornyhedges Minimal level of security a row of thick thorny hedges. foliage Consider how foliage offers intruder concealment. visibility Ensure optimum visibility of all entrances and exits. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Landscaping 1824 Locate shrubs 18 to 24 inches away from all entrances & exits for optimum visibility. six(6) 68 Cut shrubs at least six(6) inches below window level or no higher than 18-inches. Trees 6 to 8 feet. hedges hiding Separate hedges to prevent hiding ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Lighting lighting Proper lighting serves as one of the most effective perimeter barriers available. deterrent Very effective deterrent Used in combination with other barriers ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Lighting daylight A psychological deterrent, which partially restores protection, afforded by daylight. functioning Have to be on and functioning properly. fixturesswitches box Protect fixtures, switches & fuse box. Lighting will be discussed further in detail later

Concepts of Security Perimeter Barriers - Alarms Dogswarning Dogs offer early warning alarm to intruders approaching a building. Other types of alarms as well as more on lighting will be discussed in depth in separate lesson. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Second Line of Defense - Exterior exteriorpointsentry The next area of concern in securing a facility is the building exterior. Principal points of entry that need to be inspected. A crime prevention practitioner must consider sides as well as tops. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Second Line of Defense - Exterior Other considerations: Skylights ducts – air- conditioning window units Air-conditioning ducts – air- conditioning window units walls Windows – walls themselves sewers Drains – storm sewers escapes Fire escapes Floors – crawl space

Building Exterior Sewers, Storm Drains and Manhole Covers Secureopenings Secure these openings, if they lead directly into a facility, with chains, padlocks, bars or grating. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Building Exterior - Roof lightweight cut Unfortunately many buildings are constructed of lightweight, thin material that is easily cut, chopped, or sawed for easy entry. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Second Line of Defense - Exterior DOORS:entrance exit vulnerable framehingespanels locks DOORS: The normal entrance & exit in a facility. In addition to the potential open or unlocked doors, other vulnerable features include the door frame, hinges, panels and locks. Some basic rules of thumb relative to these features would be; ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Exterior - Doors frames woodbrace Construct door frames of solid wood and brace well. Hinges Hinges located on inside or if they must be outside tamper proof. woodmetal Solid core wood or metal door. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

WHATDOYOUNOTICEABOUTTHISDOORBASEDONWHATWEJUSTDISCUSSED

Concepts of Security Second Line of Defense - Exterior entry vulnerability glass WINDOWS: provide another popular point of entry for intruders. Main vulnerability is breakable glass. Perpetrator breaks out or cuts out glass to gain access to interior. Securely lock from the inside and covered with protective grating (1/8 th by 2-inches) whenever possible. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Exterior – Windows continued May attach window bars at least ½-inch round or ½-inch by ¼-inch flat steel material, spaced not more than 5-inches apart over window. window less Never assume because a window is high above ground it is secure. Any window 18-feet or more above the ground is less accessible. CHECK LOCAL FIRE CODES

Glass-Clad Polycarbonates fivelaminate core interlayer's Glass-Clad Polycarbonates – five ply laminate with two pieces of glass on both sides of polycarbonate core, using elastic interlayer's that allow for expansion differential of both materials. Types of GLASS - Continued ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Types of GLASS - Continued Bullet Resistant Glass-Clad Polycarbonates polycarbonate Bullet Resistant Glass-Clad Polycarbonates – multi-ply laminate of one-ply polycarbonate of varying thickness, behind several piles of glass, using elastic interlayer's. Relative thin profile and 40% weight reduction over all glass laminates. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Concepts of Security Second Line of Defense - Interior Areas within a facility that warrant special considerations for internal protection and control include: Cashiers Office Cashiers Office – other areas. Laboratoriesresearch Laboratories or research areas. Classified Classified materials vital records, business secrets, Etc. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Building Interior - Techniques Locks, containers or cabinets. Room or area with controlled entry and exit. Steel bars. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Building Interior - Techniques Security cages or mesh grating. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Various intrusion detection systems. Key Control Key Control Building Interior - Techniques ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Building Internal Controls Basic Guidelines light Flooding a store with light to facilitate interior view – psychological deterrent. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Building Internal Controls Basic Guidelines obstructions Eliminating all obstructions from windows. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Building Internal Controls Basic Guidelines CASH Removing or safe-keeping all CASH. Empty open Empty cash register drawers and leave them unlocked and open during non- business hours. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Building Interior - Glass transparent Glazing material transparent or translucent (frosted) glass or plastic. Float glass Float glass less distortion, more expensive. clear Flat glass variations clear and tinted, reflective and insulated (double paned). electricity Glass for conducting electricity. patterned Rough and patterned glass. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009) More to come in a follow-on lesson

Building Interior – Glass Continued: plastic glass coating Mirrors and transparent mirror glass plastic glass coating reduce heat, eliminate reflection, screen infrared and ultraviolet. Security Mirrors Security Mirrors. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

CONCEPTS of SECURITY “RISKS” Dynamic Risk:can produce profit or loss Dynamic Risk: (can produce profit or loss) a judgment call on the part of the businessman. Relate directly to business decisions. Pure Risk: Pure Risk: (No profit or potential for profit just loss). Risk of robbery, burglary, embezzlement, shoplifting, employee theft, Etc. ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

CONCEPTS of SECURITY (Continued) – “RISKS” Risk Management Risk Management: Attempts to reduce the possibilities for cost or loss in order to derive the highest possible net benefit. Risk Reduction : Risk Reduction : involves techniques to reduce potential for criminal confrontation. Risk Transfer: Risk Transfer: by using comprehensive insurance coverage risk of loss through criminal action is transferred from a business owner to insurance underwriter. See page 11 of your Concept of Security handout ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Risk Elimination Risk Elimination: involves removing potential targets of dynamic or criminal risk (i.e. removing all cash from premise). Risk Spreading: may involve dividing potential targets into smaller segments thereby making a large loss les likely. (i.e. spread available cash around in several secured locations around premise). Risk Acceptance : business person assumes personally (see page 8 in your handout). CONCEPTS of SECURITY (Continued) – “RISKS” ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Explain basic concepts of security. Identify and explain basic security barriers. Identify the three lines of defense; Perimeter, Exterior and Interior. Write at least three (3) examples of security barriers for each of the three lines of defense. Identify weaknesses and make recommendations to improve the security on each line of defense. Identify landscaping security requirement. Identify the types of fences and how a fence should be installed. identify, define and explain: risk management, dynamic risk, pure risk, risk reduction, risk elimination, risk spreading and risk acceptance. DEFINE & PROCESS ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

SOURCES Crime Prevention Sixth Edition by Steven P. Lab Locks, Safes & Security Handbook for Law Enforcement Personnel by Marc Weber Tobias Effective Physical Security and Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention Fourth Edition by Lawrence J. Fennelly ©TCLEOSE Course #2101 Crime Prevention Curriculum Part I is the intellectual property of CSCS-ICJS (2009)

Presenter Contact Information 350 N. Guadalupe, Suite 140, PMB 164 San Marcos, Texas Institute for Criminal Justice Studies