Bellwork: 1.Are you glad to be growing up in Nashville? Why or why not? 2.What are some benefits to growing up in a city? 3.What are some disadvantages or problems with living in a city? Brainstorm: 4. Imagine that a huge factory is built in Nashville, then others in Brentwood, Bellevue, Hendersonville, and Franklin. Before 10 years are over, 35 factories have been built in the Nashville area and 500,000 people have moved here to work in those factories. What problems might occur?

Urbanization

Agenda Standard: W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities Objective: I can describe the growth of population and the growth of cities during the industrial age. Bellwork Notes “Along the River Irk” Reading and Discussion Video Webquest

NOTES

The Growth of Cities The growth of the factory system and the number of people moving from the country to the city led to rapid urbanization Urbanization: the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in a city or urban area

The Growth of Cities Most urban areas doubled in size during the Industrial Revolution Throughout Europe, only 17% of the population lived in cities in By 1851, the percentage increased to 35%. By 1891, the percentage increased to 54%.

Chicago in 1820 Population: 15

Chicago in 1898 Population: 1,698,575

More People More Problems

Increased urbanization led to unprecedented population density. Cities were not well planned This led to problems with sanitation, safety, jobs, and housing.

Sanitation Problems Heavy use of coal by the factories led to an accumulation of dirt, grime, and smoke Accumulation of sewage Shortage of fresh water Sickness and disease were widespread

Living Conditions People lived in slums and tenements Tenement: a run-down and often overcrowded apartment house, especially in a poor section of a large city Characterized by: Cheap rent No indoor plumbing, outhouses, very few windows As many as 18 people living in one apartment

“Bedrooms in tenements were dark closets, utterly without ventilation. There couldn’t be any. The houses were built like boxes, covering nearly the whole of the lot. Some light came in at the ends, but the middle was always black.” - Jacob Riis, The Battle with the Slum, 1902

“Five Cents a Spot”, 1889

“The Privy” circa 1890

“The Playground” Circa 1890

“Fresh Air” circa 1890

Social Effects Unemployment and underemployment were on the rise Led to high poverty rates Poverty: not having enough money to buy basic necessities Increased crime rate Changed family structure Men, women, and children were all working

“Along the River Irk” Reading

“Along the River Irk” Questions 1.How does Engles describe each of the following? a.The River Irk b.Unhealthy and unsanitary (unclean) living conditions c.Overcrowding 2.What specific actions could be taken to improve the lives of these workers?

Video

“Life in Industrial Towns” Webquest ***Due at the end of class***