Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 1 CHAPTER 27 COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE CAREERS

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2 Chapter 27 Learning Objectives  Define at least eight terms relating to careers in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).  Specify the role of selected complementary and alternative care providers, including personal qualities, levels of education, and credentialing requirements.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3 Chapter 27 Learning Objectives  Describe the methods used in allopathic, holistic, and homeopathic health care.  List five domains of complementary and alternative health care as described by the National Institutes of Health.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 4 Careers  Therapies are based on wellness and natural treatment.  Complementary medicine  Alternative medicine  Holistic health  Complementary health care is used simultaneously with conventional medicine.  Alternative health care is used in place of conventional medicine.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5 Conditions That Draw Consumers to Complementary Medicine  Chronic pain  Arthritis  Addiction  Headache  Anxiety  Chronic fatigue  Sprains  Muscle strains

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 6 Five Domains of CAM Practices  The National Institute of Health (NIH) organizes CAM practices into five domains:  Whole medical systems  Mind-body interventions  Biologically based treatments  Manipulative and body-based methods  Energy therapies

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 7 Complementary and Alternative Methods

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 8 Five Domains of CAM Practices  Many health care workers specializing in CAM have other health career backgrounds.  Holistic practitioners Nurses Nurses Physicians Physicians Veterinarians Veterinarians Pharmacists Pharmacists  Chiropractor and naturopath professions have specific educational requirements.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 9 Chiropractor or Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)  Treats health problems associated with muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems  Uses holistic approach to treatment, which is drugless and nonsurgical  Adjusts spinal column to correct subluxations  Education  Minimum of 2 years of college  4- to 5-year chiropractic program  Licensure by state required  Certification (diplomate) for specialties

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10 CAM Careers: Educational Cost and Earnings

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11 Areas of Diplomate Certification for Chiropractors

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12 Naturopathic Doctor (ND)  Naturopathic doctors (NDs) are primary care physicians who focus on treatment of the whole person with emphasis on wellness and disease prevention.  An ND does not use synthetic medicine or perform major surgery.  Education  4 years of graduate medical school  Receive a degree of doctor of naturopathy

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13 Other CAM Practitioners  Massage therapist  Works with manipulation of muscle, skin, tendon, and ligaments  Applies light, water, or vibration devices  Education Varies from state to state Varies from state to state 13 states require licensure 13 states require licensure

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14 Other CAM Practitioners  Hypnotherapist  Uses hypnosis to help clients overcome bad habits and treat emotional problems  Licensure is not required, but a permit to practice may be required.  Many hypnotherapists are licensed in related fields: Medicine Medicine Nursing Nursing Psychology Psychology

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 15 Other CAM Practitioners  Acupuncturist  Inserts needles into peripheral or surface nerves to Control pain Control pain Relieve symptoms Relieve symptoms Modify psychosomatic disorders Modify psychosomatic disorders  Training or education varies greatly. May include 2 to 3 years of study after completion of a minimum of 2 years of college May include 2 to 3 years of study after completion of a minimum of 2 years of college Usually hold credentials in another health care field Usually hold credentials in another health care field Trained in the application of needles Trained in the application of needles

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 16 Acupuncture FIGURE 27-3 Acupuncture has been in use for 5000 years. (From Bonewit- West: Today’s medical assistant, ed 1, Philadelphia, 2009, Saunders.)

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 17 Other CAM Practitioners  Biofeedback practitioners  Teach patients to use conscious control to change normally involuntary reactions of the body  Education Certification through the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America (BCIA) Certification through the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America (BCIA) Requires applicant to be licensed or working under a licensed health care practitioner Requires applicant to be licensed or working under a licensed health care practitioner

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 18 Applications for Biofeedback

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 19 Whole Medical Systems  Whole medical systems  Acupuncture  Herbal medicine  Oriental massage  Other systems developed by Native Americans, Africans, and Central and South Americans  Many developed before the conventional biomedical approach and are still practiced by cultures throughout the world

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 20 Mind-Body Interventions  Mind-body interventions are designed to help the mind treat the body.  They are not recognized by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to be complementary and alternative medicine.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 21 Biologically Based Therapies  Biologically based therapies that are considered to be CAM overlap with conventional medicine.  Involve special dietary supplements or programs Herbal therapy (use of plants) Herbal therapy (use of plants) Special diets Special diets  Atkins diet  Pritikin diet  Weil diet  Orthomolecular therapy: uses chemicals and vitamins

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 22 Energy Therapy  Energy therapy is divided into two groups:  Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies Use energy fields that come from an external force Use energy fields that come from an external force Use pulse fields, magnets, and alternating or direct electrical current devices Use pulse fields, magnets, and alternating or direct electrical current devices  Biofield therapies Come from the body (biofields) Come from the body (biofields) Involve pressure and manipulation of the body Involve pressure and manipulation of the body Include Qi gong, Reiki, and therapeutic touch Include Qi gong, Reiki, and therapeutic touch

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23 Reiki  Reiki is based on the idea that there is a universal source of energy that allows the body to heal.  Can be received from someone else or as a form of self-care  Education  Three degrees (or levels) of training  Training and certification is not regulated

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 24 Performance Instruction  Biofeedback techniques are designed to change  Blood pressure  Muscle tension  Heart rate  Other body functions that are not normally under voluntary control

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 25 Performance Instruction  Biofeedback techniques  Electromyography to measure muscle tension  Galvanic skin response (GR) to monitor sweat production  Skin temperature sensors  Electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity  Stress dots Measures the change in temperature of skin Measures the change in temperature of skin Made of liquid crystal Made of liquid crystal

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 26 Relaxation Response

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 27 Biodot Color Chart FIGURE 27-4 The Biodot color chart shows how temperature corresponds with relaxation.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28 Summary  Many complementary and alternative care providers have education, credentials, and characteristics of other health professions.  Chiropractors manipulate the spine.  Naturopathic physicians are doctors who focus on treatment of the whole patient.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 29 Summary  Allopathic health care is treatment designed to produce effects that are different from a disease.  Holistic health care is treatment of the whole person.  Homeopathic health care uses treatments designed to produce effects similar to those caused by a disease.

Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2003, 1997, 1991 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 30 Summary  The five domains of complementary and alternative health care  Alternative medical systems  Mind-body intervention  Biologically based therapy  Manipulative and body-based methods  Energy therapies