COME IN AND SIT DOWN QUIETLY AS YOU WAIT FOR INSTRUCTIONS NEW ADDITIONS TO THE WIKI!!!!!

Warm-up 4/6/16 Turn in Transcription Practice Problems to the folder at your station. Complete the warmup for today by going to the class wiki: mshollis.cmswiki.wikispaces.net> Daily Warmup Quizzes> Today’s Date (4/6) The Warmup will close after 10 minutes and no more responses will be accepted. This Warmup will review Transcription. After you finish the warmup, check out the video on transcription that can be found on the class wiki. “Protein Synthesis and the Lean Mean Ribosome Machine”

Let’s Review Transcription Practice Problems answers.

Clear your desk, we will now take your quiz on DNA Replication and Transcription

So… ● Now we know the DNA codes for the proteins that need to be made.. ● And, that mRNA picks that code up and brings it to the ribosome. ● But…then what?

Lost in Translation ● What does translation mean?

What is TRANSLATION? ● The GOAL of TRANSLATION is the link amino acids together to make PROTEINS RNA → PROTEIN

Where does TRANSLATION take place? ● The CYTOPLASM and RIBOSOMES ● CYTOPLASM: because the mRNA travels our of the nucleus into the cytoplasm on the way to the Ribosome ● RIBOSOME: because this is where the proteins are actually made

What are the STEPS of Translation? 1. mRNA attaches to the ribosome 1. Ribosome “reads” the mRNA groups in THREE BASES = a CODON 1. a. Each CODON codes for a certain amino acid 2. A tRNA molecule comes along with the right ANTICODON to match the CODON 1. CODON = AAA ANTICODON = 2. CODON = UAG ANTICODON = 3. The tRNA molecules “carries” the amino acids and links them together with PEPTIDE bonds to make a PROTEIN

What is another name for PROTEINS? ● POLYPEPTIDES because they are made of many PEPTIDE BONDS Polypetides= many (poly) + Peptides

IMPORTANT TERMS: CODON = is a set of THREE NITROGEN BASES ONE CODON = ONE AMINO ACID TRANSCRIPTION = DNA → mRNA (in nucleus) TRANSLATION = RNA → PROTEIN (in cytoplasm/ribosome)

GALLERY WALK PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ANALOGY: A COOKIE FACTORY

The RIBOSOME is like… ● A necklace factory. ● Because… The whole purpose of the factory is to make necklaces (proteins)

The DNA is like… ● The Boss ● Because… it tells the factory workers which type of necklaces to make.

The mRNA is like… ● The Secretary ● Because… it delivers the necklace recipes and orders to the factory The Boss (DNA) tells the secretary (mRNA) which necklaces (proteins) need to be made The secretary (mRNA) delivers the Boss’s (DNA) necklaces order to the factory (Ribosome)

The tRNA is like… ● The Delivery trucks ● Because… it drops off the ingredients to the factory for the correct necklaces to be made The trucks (tRNA) drop off the ingredients – the beads (amino acids) - to make the necklaces (proteins) that the Boss (DNA) ordered

So… ● The Boss (DNA) gives the necklace orders and recipes to the Secretary (mRNA) to bring to the necklace factory (ribosomes). ● The Delivery Trucks (tRNA) bring the ingredients (amino acids) to the necklace factory (ribosome), where the necklaces (proteins) are made and then shipped out

But… ● What does this actually look like?

Annotate your drawing along with me…

Check Point 1) The diagram above depicts the process of ______________________________ synthesis, or how the cell makes proteins from DNA. 2) What is the name of the process happening inside the nucleus? 3) In one sentence, explain what happens in the nucleus. 4) To what organelle does mRNA go to after the first step of protein synthesis? 5) What step of protein synthesis happens here? 6) Explain what happens during the process you identified above.

Now… ● We know that the mRNA brings the recipe to make the proteins ● And, the tRNA brings the right ingredients (amino acids) to make the proteins ● And, the Ribosome actually puts the ingredients together to make the proteins ● BUT… How does the tRNA know which amino acids to bring…?

How does tRNA know which amino acid to bring? 1. Breaks mRNA into groups of 3 called CODON. 2. Use a Codon Chart to TRANSLATE mRNA CODON into AMINO ACID. ● ● 3. Amino acids linked together by the RIBOSOME to form a polypeptide (PROTEIN) chain.

LET’S TRY IT… ● DNA → mRNA = TRANSCRIPTION ● mRNA → amino acids = TRANSLATION So… DNA → RNA → Protein

Codon Chart

GUIDED PRACTICE Translation

TRANSCRIPTION RACE DNA Complementary Strand mRNA Amino Acids

TRANSCRIPTION RACE DNA CTA Complementary Strand mRNA Amino Acids

TRANSCRIPTION RACE DNA GCA Complementary Strand mRNA Amino Acids

TRANSCRIPTION RACE DNA GGT Complementary Strand mRNA Amino Acids

TRANSCRIPTION RACE DNA TTC CAC Complementary Strand mRNA Amino Acids

TRANSCRIPTION RACE DNA GTA CAT Complementary Strand mRNA Amino Acids

TRANSCRIPTION RACE DNA CCT GTA TCA Complementary Strand mRNA Amino Acids

PRACTICE Protein synthesis TAT

Homework Complete Translation Practice Problems and Protein Synthesis Practice Unit 5 Qualifier due Friday. Study ALL of your notes on Protein Synthesis tonight for at least 15 minutes!!!!!