Animals Chapter 1 Species-a group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring, who in turn can mate and reproduce. (Notes) animals are many celled organisms that must obtain their food by eating other organisms MOST animals reproduce sexually and move from place to place

Animals Chapter 1 Cells- tiny working units that make up all living things Tissue- group of cells that perform a similar job Organs- group of tissues that perform a similar job Heterotroph- it cannot make food for itself must obtain food from other organisms Autotroph- organism that can make its own food

Animals Chapter 1 Sexual reproduction- is the process by which a new organism forms from the joining of two sex cells Fertilization- joining of male sex cells called sperm and female sex cell called eggs

Animals Chapter 1 Asexual reproduction- a process by which a single organism produces a new organism identical to itself. DOES NOT involve to joining of two sex cells. Adaptation- is a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment

Animals Chapter 1 Herbivore- animals that eat only plants Carnivore- animals that eat only other animals Predator- hunt and kill other animals Prey- animal that a predator feeds upon Omnivore- animal that eats plants and animals Phylum- one of 35 major groups that biologists have grouped animals

Animals Chapter1 Invertebrates- animal without a backbone 95% of all animals Vertebrates- animals with a backbone (notes) animals need water, food, and oxygen from their environment. To classify an animal biologists look at three things: –The structure of the body –The way it develops as an embryo –The animals DNA

Chapter 1 Animals Bilateral symmetry- can be divided by a line into two mirror images Radial symmetry- many lines of symmetry that all go through a central point (notes) all complex animals have either bilateral or radial symmetry. Some simple animals such as sponges and coral are asymmetrical

Animals Chapter 1-3 Pores- small openings that allow water to enter and exit the sponge Osculum- large opening in a sponge carries out waste and water Larva- immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult

Animal Chapter 1-3 (notes) Cnidarians- more advanced than porifera phylum,- carnivores that use stinging cells to capture food and defend themselves, food enters central cavity ex: jellyfish, sea anemone, coral, hydra Muscle tissue- allows cnidarians to move Nerve cells- allow cnidarians to react to predators and food

Animal Chapter 1-3 Polyp- vase like shape with mouth at the top do not move around ex. Hydra, sea anemone, and coral Medusa- bowl like, mouth facing down, and adapted for free swimming (notes) cnidarians mouths are used for food intake and expelling of waste Cnidarians can reproduce both asexually and sexually

Animals Chapter 1-3 (notes) Coral reefs are home to more species of fish and invertebrates than any other environment on Earth Coral is made up of polyps that reproduce asexually Reefs build up overtime with the remains of polyp skeletons

Animals Chapter 1-4 Regeneration- ability to re-grow new body parts Parasite- an organism that lives on or in another organism Host- organism that the parasite lives in or on (notes) Round worms may be the most abundant organism on Earth. They have a one way digestive system with two openings. (mouth and anus)

Animals Chapter 1-4 Earthworm have a closed circulatory system Benefits blood can move more quickly carrying oxygen and food. Closed circulatory animals are larger and more active