Chapter 2 England’s Colonies

 Read introduction page 33

1600s English Colonies  Business ventures (Virginia Colony) – profit driven  Tied only indirectly to the crown  Attempts to recreate English Society

Chesapeake Area  Map page 36  Read pages 35 and 36  Jamestown Experience (sailed 1606) – harsh conditions, love / hate relationship with Native Americans, tobacco & survival foods, constant labor shortage  Maryland – Established by English Catholics, but allowed other religions in an effort to survive

New England  Read page 43  1620 Mayflower to Plymouth Colony  Pilgrims were Puritan Separatists  Better Native American Relations  Poor soil so many were forced to become fishermen  Their work ethnic became the cornerstone of future American success

Massachusetts  In 1630 a group of Puritans bought out some venture capitalists  Elected John Winthrop as their leader  He based the society on church and hard work  Splintered off with Roger Williams eventually taking part of the group to Rohde Island

1642 – English Civil War  Charles II would emerge as a quasi-king with limited monarchy powers, the land owning gentry controlled who would be king that would give them most of the power

Carolinas  Larger estates  Attempted to recreate the English caste system  Turned to the growing African slave trade from Barbados to solve their problems of labor shortage  Area became a mixture of large land owners and small farmers (some of whom got their start as indentured servants)

Mid – Atlantic Area  1664 British take New York from the Dutch thus giving them the best natural harbor on the Atlantic coast  Pennsylvania became home to Quakers who had puritan leanings but did not believe in paid clergy

Caribbean Experience  Sugar Cane was the cash crop on the smaller islands  African slaves were the majority so several bloody revolutions occurred  Today African traditions are maintained as much as British cultural influences

Georgia  Was used as a debtors prison with few other early settlers  The Georgia experience lead to our nation’s forgiving mentality towards debtors

Common British Colonial Experiences  Self Rule  Hard work was necessary to survive  A splintered society

Remaining Spanish Influence  Spain during the 1600s still controlled Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California

England’s Glorious Revolution  1688 William and Mary signed over remaining monarchy powers to Parliament who was controlled by the gentry