MANY HISTORICAL FACTORS PLAYED A ROLE IN SHAPING CURRICULUM AS WE KNOW IT TODAY. CURRICULUM IS A FUNCTION OF PLACE AND TIME. (ORNSTEIN & LEVINE, 1989) Historical Perspective on Curriculum
Females generally not educated Agrarian Society Rich-Poor dichotomy Classical Curriculum – Three Rs Strict discipline Rote Learning Mental Discipline
Industrial revolution Rise of the Middle Class Increased Urbanization Instruction for Girls English, Natural History, modern languages added to classical curriculum Recitation Strict Discipline Mental Discipline Some Practical Application
High Schools Scientific management (Bobbitt) Child-Centered Curriculum Life Adjustment Progressive Education
Tyler Rationale (1949) Career Education Open-Space Education Sputnik (1957) Civil Rights Individualization and Groupings for Instruction Multicultural Education Cooperative Learning Use of Community Resources Brain Research Learning is an Active Process
2000-Present Increased Rigor and Relevance Technology Supporting Instruction Globalization National Standards Higher Order Thinking Skills
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CURRICULUM FIELD OVER TIME HAS BEEN BASED ON A VARIETY OF APPROACHES THAT HAS MELTED TOGETHER TO MEET STUDENT NEEDS AND SOCIETY NORMS.